{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:30Z","timestamp":1787014170524,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23NS105918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23NS105918"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS111166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS111166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1507\u201031187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1507\u201031187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epilepsy is a known potential outcome following acute provoked neonatal seizures, but its onset, treatment patterns, and health care utilization through childhood remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to define the incidence and timing of postneonatal epilepsy, identify perinatal predictors, and describe the clinical burden of epilepsy among survivors of acute provoked neonatal seizures through early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, multicenter cohort study followed neonates with acute provoked seizures from the Neonatal Seizure Registry (NSR\u2010II) in an extended follow\u2010up through early childhood (Developmental Functional Evaluation). Neonatal clinical and neuroimaging data were collected, and epilepsy outcomes (including semiology, treatments, and health care use) were assessed annually through at least 5\u2009years via structured interviews and medical record review. Kaplan\u2013Meier and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated epilepsy risk, with data censored at loss to follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 282 neonates evaluated for epilepsy in NSR\u2010II, 183 (65%) continued into the extended follow\u2010up study. Across the entire follow\u2010up period through early childhood, 50 (18%) developed epilepsy, with a cumulative incidence of 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] =\u200916.7%\u201327.7%). Earlier epilepsy onset was associated with \u22653\u2009days of neonatal seizures (hazard ratio [HR] =\u20092.8, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.5\u20135.2), abnormal discharge neurological exam (HR\u2009=\u20092.4, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.3\u20134.4), and deep gray\/brainstem injury (HR\u2009=\u20092.4, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.2\u20134.7). Prematurity (&lt;37\u2009weeks) was associated with later epilepsy onset (HR\u2009=\u20093.7, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.0\u20136.8). Half (50%) of children with epilepsy developed intractable epilepsy, and 40% required intensive care unit admission. Despite this, only one child received vagus nerve stimulation, and none underwent other epilepsy surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the early and persistent epilepsy risk after neonatal seizures. Preterm infants face increased risk later in childhood compared to infants born at term. Risk factor stratification may improve early surveillance, guide clinical decisions, and support family counseling. The underutilization of epilepsy surgery in this cohort suggests multifactorial barriers that warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T05:43:16Z","timestamp":1754545396000},"page":"4844-4856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Postneonatal epilepsy after acute provoked neonatal seizures: Incidence, predictors, and clinical burden in a multicenter cohort followed through early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1594-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam L.","family":"Numis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neuroscience University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neuroscience University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6998-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet S.","family":"Soul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1882-5567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney J.","family":"Wusthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8496-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shavonne L.","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2917-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia M.","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7670-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1529-2846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1686-8352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tayyba","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica E.","family":"Lemmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4291-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda S.","family":"Franck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Health Care Nursing University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2469-1518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison M.","family":"Berl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropsychology Children's National Hospital  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0036-5803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betsy","family":"Pilon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hope for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)  West Bloomfield Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M. 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