{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T19:12:54Z","timestamp":1783537974634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017460","name":"Brain Institute, University of Virginia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS120945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS120945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37NS119012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37NS119012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Status epilepticus (SE) is second only to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy as a cause of seizure\u2010related mortality. The progression of respiratory dysfunction during experimental SE remains poorly characterized. We investigated how pilocarpine\u2010induced SE affects respiration in mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed simultaneous plethysmographic, electroencephalographic, and electrocardiographic recordings in mice administered pilocarpine at 200, 240, or 280\u2009mg\/kg. We analyzed seizure progression, respiratory rate, ventilation, inspiratory\/expiratory timing, and survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher pilocarpine doses resulted in shorter latency to SE and increased mortality. Across all doses, respiratory frequency and ventilation increased from baseline through early and established SE. There were respiratory abnormalities during SE, apneustic respiration, and pathological sigh, each associated with prolonged inspiration and expiration compared to eupneic respiration. Abnormal respiratory events occurred with similar frequency in both fatal and surviving animals. Death occurred during established SE. The sequence of events leading to death was a severe seizure, ending with tonic extension followed by terminal apnea. Seizure activity continued after apnea onset, followed by electrocerebral silence. Cardiac rhythm persisted beyond brain inactivity, gradually slowing to terminal arrest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pilocarpine\u2010induced SE leads to progressive, dose\u2010dependent respiratory disturbances culminating in fatal apnea. These findings highlight the critical role of respiratory failure in SE\u2010related death and underscore the need for real\u2010time respiratory monitoring and early intervention during SE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T09:09:02Z","timestamp":1761383342000},"page":"993-1006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Respiratory dysfunction and fatal apnea during pilocarpine\u2010induced status epilepticus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6429-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengsan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia 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