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A major problem for water\u2010dwelling organisms is chemical pollution, and among the most common pollutants is 17<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010ethinylestradiol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content>2), the synthetic estrogen that is used in oral contraceptives and that can affect fish at various developmental stages, including embryogenesis. We tested whether there is variation in the tolerance to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content>2 within <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>lpine whitefish. We sampled spawners from two species of different lakes, bred them <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in a full\u2010factorial design each, and studied growth and mortality of embryos. Exposure to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content>2 turned out to be toxic in all concentrations we tested (\u22651\u00a0ng\/L). It reduced embryo viability and slowed down embryogenesis. We found significant additive genetic variation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010induced mortality in both species, that is, genotypes differed in their tolerance to estrogen pollution. We also found maternal effects on embryo development to be influenced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content>2, that is, some maternal sib groups were more susceptible to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content>2 than others. In conclusion, the toxic effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content>2 were strong, but both species demonstrated the kind of additive genetic variation that is necessary for an evolutionary response to this type of pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T12:00:56Z","timestamp":1412337656000},"page":"1084-1093","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Additive genetic variation for tolerance to estrogen pollution in natural populations of <scp>A<\/scp>lpine whitefish (<i><scp>C<\/scp>oregonus<\/i> sp., <scp>S<\/scp>almonidae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Gregory","family":"Brazzola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Ch\u00e8vre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Wedekind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore University of Lausanne Lausanne 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