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In vertebrates, the major histocompatibility complex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content>) plays an important role in determining the immune response. Species that went through severe bottlenecks often show very low levels of genetic diversity at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content>. Due to the known link between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> and immune response, such species are expected to be at particular risk in case of disease outbreaks. However, so far, only few studies have shown that low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> diversity is correlated with increased disease susceptibility in species after severe bottlenecks. We investigated genetic variation at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> and its correlations with disease resistance and other fitness\u2010related traits in Alpine ibex (<jats:italic>Capra ibex<\/jats:italic>), a wild goat species that underwent a strong bottleneck in the last century and that is known to have extremely low genetic variability, both genome\u2010wide and at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content>. We studied <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> variation in male ibex of Gran Paradiso National Park, the population used as a source for all postbottleneck reintroductions. We found that individual <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> heterozygosity (based on six microsatellites) was not correlated with genome\u2010wide neutral heterozygosity. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> heterozygosity, but not genome\u2010wide heterozygosity, was positively correlated with resistance to infectious keratoconjunctivitis and with body mass. Our results show that genetic variation at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> plays an important role in disease resistance and, hence, should be taken into account for successfully managing species conservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,12]],"date-time":"2017-11-12T12:12:37Z","timestamp":1510488757000},"page":"631-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Heterozygosity\u2013fitness correlation at the major histocompatibility complex despite low variation in Alpine ibex (<i>Capra ibex<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-9544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich  Zurich (ZH) Switzerland"},{"name":"Alpine Wildlife Research Centre Gran Paradiso National Park  Noasca (TO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich  Zurich (ZH) Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Bassano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alpine Wildlife Research Centre Gran Paradiso National Park  Noasca (TO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Grossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich  Zurich (ZH) Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306582101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.00830"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-54-56"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f02-066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Barton K.(2016).MuMIn: Multi\u2010Model Inference. 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