{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:11:49Z","timestamp":1790745109204,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000155","name":"Division of Environmental Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1816161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1816161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009790","name":"University at Albany","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Start\u2010up funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Start\u2010up funds"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evolutionary Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of anthrax, is a considerable global health threat affecting wildlife, livestock, and the general public. In this study, whole\u2010genome sequence analysis of over 350\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u00a0anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates was used to establish a new high\u2010resolution global genotyping framework that is both biogeographically informative and compatible with multiple genomic assays. The data presented in this study shed new light on the diverse global dissemination of this species and indicate that many lineages may be uniquely suited to the geographic regions in which they are found. In addition, we demonstrate that plasmid genomic structure for this species is largely consistent with chromosomal population structure, suggesting vertical inheritance in this bacterium has contributed to its evolutionary persistence. This classification methodology is the first based on population genomic structure for this species and has potential use for local and broader institutions seeking to understand both disease outbreak origins and recent introductions. In addition, we provide access to a newly developed genotyping script as well as the full whole\u2010genome sequence analyses output for this study, allowing future studies to rapidly employ and append their data in the context of this global collection. This framework may act as a powerful tool for public health agencies, wildlife disease laboratories, and researchers seeking to utilize and expand this classification scheme for further investigations into\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u00a0anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    evolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T11:26:30Z","timestamp":1577100390000},"page":"935-944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A classification framework for\n                    <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n                    defined by global genomic structure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9423-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spencer A.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University at Albany \u2013 State University of New York Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Schiraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology Services University at Albany \u2013 State University of New York Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline L.","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Agriculture University of Maine Orono ME USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Ryan","family":"Easterday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy C.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University at Albany \u2013 State University of New York Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bruce S. A. Schiraldi N. J. Kamath P. L. Easterday W. R. &Turner W. C.(2019).A classification framework for Bacillus anthracis defined by global genomic structure.Dryad https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.rr4xgxd54","DOI":"10.5061\/dryad.rr4xgxd54"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0435-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of Livestock","author":"De Vos V.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"RedDog: comparative analysis pipeline for large numbers of bacterial isolates using high\u2010throughput sequences","author":"Edwards D. J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01095-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.26517"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2014.57079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.7.1847-1850.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.10.2928-2936.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546553.2018.1500365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.091208.073255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1250-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15536548.2015.1105658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403844101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","volume-title":"FigTree, version 1.3. 1","author":"Rambaut A.","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Typing methods used in the molecular epidemiology of microbial pathogens: A how\u2010to guide","volume":"37","author":"Ranjbar R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Microbiologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)62009-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14694.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0524-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01233-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3990.1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3020437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2004-6-1-r10"}],"container-title":["Evolutionary Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Feva.12911","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eva.12911","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/eva.12911","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eva.12911","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eva.12911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T01:57:50Z","timestamp":1715824670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eva.12911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eva.12911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eva.12911","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/675249","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1752-4571","1752-4571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-4571","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-4571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}