{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:10:47Z","timestamp":1775200247325,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evolutionary Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many novel genetic approaches are under development to combat insect pests. One genetic strategy aims to suppress or locally eliminate a species through large, repeated releases of genetically engineered strains that render female offspring unviable under field conditions. Strains with this female\u2010killing characteristic have been developed either with all of the molecular components in a single construct or with the components in two constructs inserted at independently assorting loci. Strains with two constructs are typically considered to be only of value as research tools and for producing solely male offspring in rearing factories which are subsequently sterilized by radiation before release. A concern with the two\u2010construct strains is that once released, the two constructs would become separated and therefore non\u2010functional. The only female\u2010killing strains that have been released in the field without sterilization are single\u2010construct strains. Here, we use a population genetics model with density dependence to evaluate the relative effectiveness of female\u2010killing approaches based on single\u2010 and two\u2010construct arrangements. We find that, in general, the single\u2010construct arrangement results in slightly faster population suppression, but the two\u2010construct arrangement can eventually cause stronger suppression and cause local elimination with a smaller release size. Based on our results, there is no a priori reason that males carrying two independently segregating constructs need to be sterilized prior to release. In some cases, a fertile release would be more efficient for population suppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T19:15:57Z","timestamp":1615922157000},"page":"1612-1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mathematical modeling of genetic pest management through female\u2010specific lethality: Is one locus better than two?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9166-2696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Vella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomathematics Graduate Program North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Genetic Engineering and Society Center North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Engineering and Society Center North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6389-6321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alun L.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomathematics Graduate Program North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Genetic Engineering and Society Center North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(02)00087-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.1071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2010.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-10-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat3466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13873950701742754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00273675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710(2006)31[390:AASADT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000251107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0587-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.12.5547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.49.061802.123344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.3.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-015-0161-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.140142697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/EC09277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2008.00049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001724"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042771"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.1372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2012.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-5-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"The density dependence of larval mortality of Culex pipiens fatigans in an urban situation and prediction of its effects on genetic control operations","volume":"65","author":"Rajagopalan P. 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