{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:52:12Z","timestamp":1781092332217,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evolutionary Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coastal Indigenous communities that rely on subsistence harvests are uniquely vulnerable to declines in nearshore species. The basket cockle <jats:italic>Clinocardium nuttallii<\/jats:italic> is among the favored foods of Indigenous people along the northwest Pacific coast of North America, yet localized declines in their abundance have led to interest in stock enhancement efforts. We used a population genomics approach to examine potential risks associated with stock enhancement of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0nuttallii<\/jats:italic> in the southern Salish Sea, a large inland estuary that includes Puget Sound. More than 8000\u00a0single nucleotide polymorphisms across 349 individuals at 12\u00a0locations were assembled de novo using restriction site\u2010associated DNA sequencing. Results indicated that <jats:italic>C.\u00a0nuttallii<\/jats:italic> within the southern Salish Sea were distinct from those along the outer Pacific coast (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.021\u20130.025). Within the southern Salish Sea, <jats:italic>C.\u00a0nuttallii<\/jats:italic> populations appear to be well\u2010connected despite numerous potential impediments to gene flow; Hood Canal, which experiences the lowest flushing rates of all Puget Sound sub\u2010basins, was a minor exception to this strong connectivity. We found evidence of isolation by distance within the southern Salish Sea, but the slope of this relationship was shallow, and <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub> values were low (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.001\u20130.004). Meanwhile, outlier analyses did not support the hypothesis that southern Salish Sea sub\u2010populations are locally adapted. Estimates of effective population size had no upper bound, suggesting potentially very high adaptive capacity in <jats:italic>C.\u00a0nuttallii<\/jats:italic>, but also making it difficult to assess potential reductions in effective population size resulting from stock enhancement. We present several strategies to augment cockle populations for subsistence harvest that would limit risk to the genetic diversity of wild cockle populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:33:51Z","timestamp":1644885231000},"page":"459-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Population genomics of the basket cockle <i>Clinocardium nuttallii<\/i> in the southern Salish Sea: Assessing genetic risks of stock enhancement for a culturally important marine bivalve"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0255-3111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James L.","family":"Dimond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Puget Sound Restoration Fund  Bainbridge Island Washington USA"},{"name":"Shannon Point Marine Center Western Washington University  Anacortes Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan N.","family":"Crim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puget Sound Restoration Fund  Bainbridge Island Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Unsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Department Suquamish Tribe  Suquamish Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Department Suquamish Tribe  Suquamish Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodie E.","family":"Toft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puget Sound Restoration Fund  Bainbridge Island Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2010.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592\u2010018\u20101060\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237\u2010009\u20109175\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.11085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2003)001[0376:ASSIE]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Chugach Regional Resources Commission Bivalve Enhancement Program: Bivalve inventories and native littleneck clam (Protothaca staminea) culture studies","author":"Brooks K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592\u2010005\u20109029\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2983\/0730\u20108000\u201027.5.1117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Status report for the pinto abalone in Washington","author":"Carson H. 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