{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:42:39Z","timestamp":1791909759892,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A19701144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A19701144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP0346313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP0346313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008887","name":"Eppley Foundation for Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008887","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1316800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1316800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_149956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_149956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2ZHP3_200011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2ZHP3_200011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evolutionary Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowledge of an animal's chronological age is crucial for understanding and predicting population demographics, survival and reproduction, but accurate age determination for many wild animals remains challenging. Previous methods to estimate age require invasive procedures, such as tooth extraction to analyse growth layers, which are difficult to carry out with large, mobile animals such as cetaceans. However, recent advances in epigenetic methods have opened new avenues for precise age determination. These \u2018epigenetic clocks\u2019 present a less invasive alternative and can provide age estimates with unprecedented accuracy. Here, we present a species\u2010specific epigenetic clock based on skin tissue samples for a population of Indo\u2010Pacific bottlenose dolphins (<jats:italic>Tursiops aduncus<\/jats:italic>) in Shark Bay, Western Australia. We measured methylation levels at 37,492 cytosine\u2010guanine sites (CpG sites) in 165 samples using the mammalian methylation array. Chronological age estimates with an accuracy of \u00b11\u2009year were available for 68 animals as part of a long\u2010term behavioral study of this population. Using these samples with known age, we built an elastic net model with Leave\u2010One\u2010Out\u2010Cross\u2010Validation, which retained 43 CpG sites, providing an <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.86 and median absolute age error (MAE)\u00a0=\u00a02.1\u2009years (5% of maximum age). This model was more accurate for our data than the previously published methylation clock based on skin samples of common bottlenose dolphins (<jats:italic>T. truncatus<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.83, MAE\u00a0=\u00a02.2) and the multi\u2010species odontocete methylation clock (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.68, MAE\u00a0=\u00a06.8), highlighting that species\u2010specific clocks can have superior performance over those of multi\u2010species assemblages. We further developed an epigenetic sex estimator, predicting sex with 100% accuracy. As age and sex are critical parameters for the study of animal populations, this clock and sex estimator will provide a useful tool for extracting life history information from skin samples rather than long\u2010term observational data for free\u2010ranging Indo\u2010Pacific bottlenose dolphins worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T06:25:35Z","timestamp":1671171935000},"page":"126-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["An epigenetic <scp>DNA<\/scp> methylation clock for age estimates in <scp>Indo\u2010Pacific<\/scp> bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops aduncus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5967-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Earth and Environment University of Canterbury  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Cetacean Ecology Research Group, School of Natural Sciences Massey University  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Global Ecology, College of Science and Engineering Flinders University  Adelaide, South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1247-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Evolution &amp; Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales  Sydney, New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Scheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2424-9348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Cicciarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Zoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9568-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles, California USA"},{"name":"Department of Statistics University of California  Riverside, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4110-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles, California USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles, California USA"},{"name":"Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science  San Diego, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon J.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia  Crawley, Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2293-9185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia  Crawley, Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department UMASS Dartmouth  North Dartmouth, Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3279-7005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee Ann","family":"Rollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolution &amp; Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales  Sydney, New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1055-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Kr\u00fctzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1279","volume-title":"Amplification of the Zfy and Zfx genes for sex identification in humans, cattle, sheep and goats: Nature biotechnology","author":"Aasen E.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28355-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jzbg2030030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyab165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804327-1.00089-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1381260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2017.00106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755\u20100998.2010.02976.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Friedman J. Hastie T. Tibshirani R. Narasimhan B. Tay K. Simon N. &Qian J.(2022).Package \u2018glmnet\u2019. CRAN R Repositary."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Deer gender determination by polymerase chain reaction: Validation study and application to tissues, bloodstains, and hair forensic samples from California","volume":"84","author":"Gilson A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"California Fish and Game"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.21745"},{"issue":"617376","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"10.3389","article-title":"Epigenetic measurement of key vertebrate population biology parameters","volume":"9","author":"Heydenrych M. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22668-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2011.00483.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2020.103575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"Lu A. T. Fei Z. Haghani A. Robeck T. R. Zoller J. A. Li C. Z. Lowe R. Yan Q. Zhang J. Vu H. Ablaeva J. Acosta\u2010Rodriguez V. A. Adams D. M. Almunia J. Aloysius A. Ardehali R. Arneson A. Baker C. S. Banks G. \u2026Horvath S.(2021).Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues.bioRxiv."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13897","article-title":"A stochastic model for estimating sustainable limits to wildlife mortality in a changing world","author":"Manlik O.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755\u20100998.13437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-13-77"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"Perrin W. Myrick A. Jr. &Commission I. W. (1980).Age determination of toothed whales and sirenians;Proceedings of the International Conference on Determining Age of Odeontocete Cetaceans (and Sirenians) La Jolla Calif. Sep 5\u201019 1978."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755\u20100998.12247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7557\/3.4474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.713373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003\u2010021\u201002179\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77082-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/409052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","volume-title":"Generation length and percent mature estimates for IUCN assessments of cetaceans","author":"Taylor B. L.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804327-1.00073-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.3.918S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176349027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073\u2010019\u20100667\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2005.00503.x"}],"container-title":["Evolutionary Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eva.13516","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/eva.13516","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eva.13516","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eva.13516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T04:10:32Z","timestamp":1712895032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eva.13516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eva.13516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eva.13516","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-4571","1752-4571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-4571","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-4571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}