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This principle may apply to people of West Central African descent in the United States, who are at increased risk of certain chronic conditions and diseases compared to their European counterparts. Less well known is that they are also at reduced risk of other diseases. While discriminatory practices in the United States continue to affect access to and the quality of healthcare, the health disparities affecting African Americans may also be due in part to evolutionary adaptations to the original environment of sub\u2010Saharan Africa, which involved continuous exposure to the vectors of potentially lethal endemic tropical diseases. Evidence is presented that these organisms selectively absorb vitamin A from the host, and its use in parasite reproduction contributes to the signs and symptoms of the respective diseases. These evolutionary adaptations included (1) sequestering vitamin A away from the liver to other organs, to reduce accessibility to the invaders; and (2) reducing the metabolism and catabolism of vitamin A (vA), causing it to accumulate to subtoxic concentrations and weaken the organisms, thereby reducing the risk of severe disease. However, in the environment of North America, lacking vA\u2010absorbing parasites and with a mainly dairy\u2010based diet that is high in vA, this combination of factors is hypothesized to lead to the accumulation of vA and to increased sensitivity to vA as a toxin, which contribute to the health disparities affecting African Americans. vA toxicity is linked to numerous acute and chronic conditions via mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Subject to testing, the hypothesis suggests that the adoption of traditional or modified West Central African\u2010style diets that are low in vA and high in vA\u2010absorbing fiber hold promise for disease prevention and treatment, and as a population\u2010based strategy for health maintenance and longevity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T07:44:35Z","timestamp":1683099875000},"page":"963-978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding health disparities affecting people of West Central African descent in the United States: An evolutionary perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7746-4546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Mawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences Jackson State University  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200207000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2907S"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4857.290"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_5_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. 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