{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:21:23Z","timestamp":1787750483511,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/S00713X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S00713X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/W02666X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W02666X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/T009446\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/T009446\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evolutionary Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Soil microbial communities underpin key ecosystem processes, including plant health, nutrient cycling and primary productivity. In agricultural soils, beneficial soil bacteria are often exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously, including fungicides, antibiotics, and warming temperatures. Despite their ecological importance, little is known about how beneficial soil bacteria respond to such combined stressors over evolutionary timescales. Here, we investigated how the model plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR)\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    evolves resistance to the fungicide formulation Fubol Gold (metalaxyl\u2010M\u2009+\u2009mancozeb), under ambient or warming soil conditions. Using a 16\u2010week evolution experiment in soil microcosms with a fully factorial design (fungicide \u00b1 warming), we assessed the evolution of fungicide resistance via phenotypic assays and whole\u2010genome sequencing. Fungicide exposure rapidly selected for increased fungicide resistance, detectable as early as week 4, and co\u2010selected for resistance to chloramphenicol, sulphatriad and nalidixic acid antibiotics, likely through mutations in a\n                    <jats:italic>mexS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ortholog that may be associated with efflux pump overexpression. Warming did not alter the evolution of fungicide resistance; however, populations subjected to both fungicide and warming stress went extinct more rapidly, so that population evolutionary rescue was less effective under dual stress. Our findings show that fungicide alone can drive multidrug resistance in beneficial soil bacteria, suggesting that non\u2010antibiotic drivers of resistance in the environment should be incorporated into One Health frameworks for tackling AMR.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.70307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:44:50Z","timestamp":1785739490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fungicide Drives\n                    <i>De Novo<\/i>\n                    Evolution of Multidrug Resistance in the Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterium,\n                    <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Kelbrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4896-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P. J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2741-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siobh\u00e1n","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics and Microbiology Trinity College Dublin  Dublin 2 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Azoxystrobin Impact on a Selection of Soil Bacterial Resistance to Amynoglicoside Antibiotics","volume":"72","author":"Aleksova M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus de L'Academie Bulgare Des Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA01570F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1527"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2012.05522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110316-023011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9100521"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.2.428-432.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0554-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201002300120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00830-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.21.6448-6455.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2566242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evl3.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0250-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000862"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-022-01235-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.24.7793-7800.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"Kassambara A. 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