{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:45:25Z","timestamp":1792133125721,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000943","name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000943","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evolutionary Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Shifts between population connectivity and isolation shape evolutionary divergence, but their effects remain underexplored in highly mobile taxa. Flying\u2010foxes (\n Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n ) are a compelling model to study evolutionary divergence because of their rapid radiation in the island\u2010rich region of the Indo\u2010Australian Archipelago. Here, we investigate the population genetics of the highly mobile flying\u2010foxes\n \n Pteropus alecto<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n P. conspicillatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n P. poliocephalus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n \n P. scapulatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n across large parts of their overlapping ranges in Australia, Indonesia, and New Guinea. Using reduced\u2010representation sequencing of 242 individuals, we examined the extent to which panmixia, isolation\u2010by\u2010distance, and hybridization are prevalent in these lineages. Phylogenetic, principal component, and demographic analyses indicated isolation\u2010by\u2010distance in\n \n P. alecto<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , including an unexpected east\u2013west genetic split between Australian populations, whereas\n \n P. conspicillatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n showed weak differentiation between Australia and New Guinea, and\n \n P. poliocephalus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n P. scapulatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n were panmictic across Australia. We further found evidence that infrequent hybridization and asymmetric gene flow, predominantly from\n \n P. conspicillatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n to\n \n P. alecto<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , have shaped these recently diverged species. Although gene flow connected sampled populations along the geographic chain spanning Indonesia, Australia, and New Guinea, our results did not confirm the hypothesis that\n \n P. alecto<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n P. conspicillatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n form a ring species. Rather, demographic analyses supported recent secondary contact during the last 14,848\u201335,856\u2009years after a period of isolation between\n \n P. alecto<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n P. conspicillatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . Together, our findings indicate that long\u2010range connectivity and spatially heterogeneous restrictions on gene flow have shaped the evolution and diversification of flying\u2010foxes.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.70329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:58:53Z","timestamp":1792130333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extreme Mobility Creates Contrasting Patterns of Panmixia, Isolation\u2010by\u2010Distance and Hybridization in Four Flying\u2010Fox Species (\n Pteropus<\/i>\n )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2230-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Scheben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Simons Center for Quantitative Biology Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"McKeown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Environment Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8425-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Environment Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Westcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Environment Atherton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5455-6408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne S.","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Environment Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3953-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric P.","family":"Vanderduys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Environment Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5934-6557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Webber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Floreat Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Bush Heritage Australia Docklands Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420\u20109101.2012.02599.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006911"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2014.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. 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