{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:09:47Z","timestamp":1780376987293,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meconium impaction\/retention is a significant cause of colic in foals. Historically, limitations of both medical and surgical treatment are noted. Outcomes of meconium impaction\/retention have not recently been reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe case characteristics and outcomes in foals with meconium impaction\/retention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, single referral hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records from 2006 to 2024 were searched for foals \u22643\u2009days old with a history of straining to defecate, abdominal distention, colic, weakness and\/or tail flagging. Signalment, presenting complaint, treatment, outcome and comorbidities were summarised and compared between groups based on sex and survival. Associations between comorbidities and survival were evaluated by zero\u2010inflated Poisson regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010three foals met the inclusion criteria. Male foals dominated (30\/43; 70%). All foals were managed with enemas; phosphate (11\/43; 30%), water with soap\/lube (25\/43; 58%), not specified 9\/43 (21%), multiple types (8; 19%), acetylcysteine retention (1; 2%). Forty foals (93%) survived to discharge, and three (7%) were humanely euthanised. Of surviving foals, 37\/40 (93%) responded fully to medical treatment. Surgical treatment was required in 4 foals (9%); 3\/4 (75%) survived. Comorbidities were common including sepsis (10\/43; 23%), pneumonia (10\/43; 23%), failure of passive transfer (6\/43; 14%) and hypoxic\u2010ischaemic encephalopathy (5\/43; 12%). Non\u2010survivors (3\/43; 7%) were euthanised due to sepsis, limb malformation and pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small sample size and low number of non\u2010survivors prevented meaningful statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical management of meconium impaction\/retention is successful in the great majority of cases. Prognosis depends on the comorbidities present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.14109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T02:00:16Z","timestamp":1738202416000},"page":"587-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characteristics of meconium impaction\/retention in newborn foals: From 2006 to 2024"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Rivera Maza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. C.","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9305-6120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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