{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:57:11Z","timestamp":1767833831948,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]],"date-time":"2013-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n Cryptorchidism affects 2\u20138% of male horses and the affected testis undergoes a disruption of normal spermatogenesis. The underlying molecular changes are poorly understood in the cryptorchid equine testis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n Compare the expression of anti\u2010\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00fcllerian hormone (\n AMH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), anti\u2010\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00fcllerian hormone receptor (\n AMHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2), androgen receptor (\n AR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), cyclin kinase inhibitor (\n CDKN1B<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), connexin 43 (\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n x43), 3\u03b2 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase\/\u0394\n 5<\/jats:sup>\n \u2010\u0394\n 4<\/jats:sup>\n \u2010 isomerase (3\u03b2\n HSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ),\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n 450c17 hydroxylase\/lyase (\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n 450c17) and cytochrome\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n 450 aromatase (\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n 450arom) in the undescended testis of cryptorchid stallions with that of normal stallions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Undescended, abdominal testes from four cryptorchid stallions between 2 and 3 years of age were collected during routine castrations along with normally descended testes from normal stallions between 2 and 3 years of age (n = 7). Samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Cryptorchid testes had increased\n AMH<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n AMHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 immunolabelling when compared with normal testes, which indicates failure of maturation of\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ertoli cells and\/or lack of testosterone suppression. Failure of\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ertoli cell maturation in the cryptorchid testis may also be attributed to\n AR<\/jats:styled-content>\n abnormalities and\/or a consequence of lack of testosterone suppression due to decreased 3\u03b2\n HSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Cyclin\u2010dependent kinase (\n CDKN1B<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was not expressed in\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ertoli cells of cryptorchid testes suggesting that\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ertoli cells are still proliferating, which is also a characteristic of the immature testis. In addition,\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n x43 expression is decreased in the cryptorchid testis, indicating a disruption in intercellular communication.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Undescended testes of cryptorchid horses present characteristics of immaturity suggesting that the failure of\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ertoli cell maturation may be a consequence of cryptorchidism.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Potential relevance<\/jats:title>\n This study provides a better understanding of the effect of cryptorchidism on testicular function in stallions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T14:05:31Z","timestamp":1351519531000},"page":"538-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Expression of anti\u2010\n M<\/scp>\n \u00fcllerian hormone,\n CDKN1B<\/scp>\n , connexin 43, androgen receptor and steroidogenic enzymes in the equine cryptorchid testis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Fortaleza CE Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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A.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluck Equine Research Center Department of Veterinary Science University of Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4687(200006)244:3<190::AID-JMOR4>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0630"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000049957"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"The site of aromatization in the mouse cryptorchid testis","volume":"49","author":"Kotula\u2010Balak M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Folia Biol. 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