{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:21:00Z","timestamp":1789471260902,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]],"date-time":"2013-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n \n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n yme disease is caused by\n \n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia burgdorferi\n <\/jats:italic>\n , which is transmitted by infected ticks (\n \n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n xodes\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp.). Reports on\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n yme disease in horses have increased in recent years. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n yme disease in horses is still challenging owing to its vague clinical presentation and the limitations of diagnostic tests.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n This study used a new serological\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n yme multiplex assay to examine antibody responses to 3 antigens of\n \n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009burgdorferi\n <\/jats:italic>\n , outer surface protein (\n Osp<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n OspF<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n C6<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and to verify their use as markers for early and late infection stages in horses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Multiplex analysis of antibodies to\n OspC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n OspF<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n C6<\/jats:styled-content>\n in equine patient sera (n = 191) was performed. A subset of the sera (n = 90) was also tested using a commercial\n C6<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010based\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n yme test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Antibodies to\n OspF<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n C6<\/jats:styled-content>\n highly correlate as reliable markers of infection with\n \n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009burgdorferi\n <\/jats:italic>\n in horses. Antibodies to\n OspC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , which have been confirmed as early infection markers in man and dogs, were only detected in some patient sera, suggesting that\n OspC<\/jats:styled-content>\n antibodies are indicators of early infection in horses. Commercial C6 testing identified most infected horses but also resulted in false positive and false negative interpretations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Serological multiplex testing is a rapid and quantitative diagnostic method to confirm infection with\n \n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009burgdorferi\n <\/jats:italic>\n and to identify the stage of infection. In horses with risk of exposure and clinical signs, multiplex testing supports the diagnosis of\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n yme disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Potential relevance<\/jats:title>\n \n Antimicrobial treatment of\n \n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009burgdorferi\n <\/jats:italic>\n is time sensitive. Treatment success decreases with time of persistent infection, while the risk of developing chronic disease increases. The ability to identify early infection with\n \n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009burgdorferi\n <\/jats:italic>\n provides practitioners and clinicians with a tool to improve the diagnosis of equine\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n yme disease and make treatment decisions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,21]],"date-time":"2012-12-21T21:05:57Z","timestamp":1356123957000},"page":"533-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Antibodies to\n OspC<\/scp>\n ,\n OspF<\/scp>\n and\n C6<\/scp>\n antigens as indicators for infection with\n Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University New York USA"},{"name":"Animal Health Diagnostic Center College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. B.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University New York USA"},{"name":"Animal Health Diagnostic Center College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Rollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Diagnostic Center College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. S.","family":"Freer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Diagnostic Center College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2002.9695196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(01)00187-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis in cattle and horses: a review of the literature","volume":"82","author":"Parker J.L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cornell Vet."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811398246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.10.1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2012.01000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"286","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Horse","author":"Divers T.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.37-1-68"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.3.651"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4160","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.4160-4166.2000","article-title":"Characterization of a Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE invariable region useful in canine Lyme disease serodiagnosis by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"38","author":"Liang F.T.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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