{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:34:02Z","timestamp":1791380042606,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n \n Palmar\/plantar osteochondral disease (\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of the metacarpo\/metatarsophalangeal (\n Mc<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n MtPh<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) joints is common in\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n horoughbred racehorses, but there is little information on predilection sites, associated pathologies and clinical signs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To describe the distribution of\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n at\n post mortem<\/jats:italic>\n examination and to examine the association of\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n with other pathologies and clinical histories.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n Mc<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n MtPh<\/jats:styled-content>\n joints of 102\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n horoughbred racehorses were examined\n post mortem<\/jats:italic>\n . Gross pathology of associated osteochondral elements, suspensory ligament and flexor tendons was recorded. Clinical data were extracted from computerised records. Relationships between all\n Mc<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n MtPh<\/jats:styled-content>\n joint pathologies, clinical data and grade of\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in each condyle were determined using multilevel, ordinal logistic regression models.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Palmar\/plantar osteochondral disease was recorded (\n grade 1\u20133<\/jats:italic>\n in at least one condyle) in 80.4% (95% confidence interval 71\u201388) of horses. The grade of\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n was significantly higher in the forelimb, where the medial condyle had higher grades, than in the hindlimb, where the\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n grade was higher in the lateral condyle. There was a significant positive relationship between\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n grade and multiple other joint pathologies, whereas grades of linear fissures had a negative relationship with grade of\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . There was no relationship between grade of\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and tendon and suspensory ligament gross pathology, although horses with a history of tendon injury had significantly lower\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n grades. Horses that had a clinical history of a\n Mc<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n MtPh<\/jats:styled-content>\n joint problem had higher\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n grades. In addition, horses that had been retired from racing for more than 2 months at the date of death had significantly lower\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n grades.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and potential relevance<\/jats:title>\n \n Palmar\/plantar osteochondral disease has specific predilection sites. Horses with a clinical history of\n Mc<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n MtPh<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010associated lameness had higher\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n grades, whereas those with a history of superficial digital flexor tendon injury and retired horses had lower grades. The progression of\n POD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and its ability to heal requires further evaluation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,24]],"date-time":"2012-12-24T07:22:43Z","timestamp":1356333763000},"page":"587-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Pathological and clinical features associated with palmar\/plantar osteochondral disease of the metacarpo\/metatarsophalangeal joint in\n T<\/scp>\n horoughbred racehorses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"G. L.","family":"Pinchbeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health Faculty of Health and Life Sciences University of Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. D.","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Faculty of Health and Life Sciences University of Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Boyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics, Oral Growth and Development Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Riggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Services Hong Kong Jockey Club China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2005.36499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X363242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X368372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Joint Disease in the Horse","author":"Pool R.R.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.1252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-8342-3.50114-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-8342-3.50115-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"A User's Guide to MLwiN","author":"Rasbash J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2006.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Swindlehurst J.C. Parkin T.D.H.andMorgan K.L.(2005)Fatal conylar fractures in racehorses: associations with pathology and conformation. In:Proceedings of the 44th Congress of the British Equine Veterinary Association Equine Veterinary Journal Ltd Newmarket. p 361."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.145.17.487"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00466.x","article-title":"Possible role of carpal hyperextension in superficial digital flexor tendinopathy","volume":"44","author":"Whitlock D.","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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