{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:43:53Z","timestamp":1793202233649,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,24]],"date-time":"2013-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n Mares diagnosed with twin vesicles at 13\u201317 days after ovulation commonly have one of 2 vesicles manually reduced. It is not known whether vesicle location (adjacent vs. nonadjacent), mare age, mare reproductive status, parity, month of breeding or mare plasma progesterone concentration affects live foal rates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To determine factors associated with a positive outcome (live foal) in mares undergoing manual twin reduction between 13 and 17 days post ovulation when performed by a single operator.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Breeding records and the\n J<\/jats:styled-content>\n ockey\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n lub records of registered\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n horoughbreds were used to evaluate factors affecting the outcome of pregnancies in mares undergoing twin elimination and mares with singleton pregnancies.\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n horoughbred mares with twin pregnancies (n = 129) were matched by age, parity, farm location and month bred with mares diagnosed with a singleton pregnancy (n = 127). The effects of location of embryonic vesicles, mare age, reproductive status, parity, month of breeding, vesicle size and plasma progesterone concentration at pregnancy diagnosis on live foal rate were examined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Position of embryonic vesicles at time of manual elimination, parity and month bred had no effect on live foal rate. Live foal rates in mares >9 years of age were lower (71.8%) than in all mares \u22649 years (87.1%; P<0.05). Mares >9 years of age that had a twin reduced lost more pregnancies (34.8%) than age\u2010matched control mares (20.0%; P<0.005). Mean plasma progesterone concentration of twin\u2010reduced mares was greater than in control mares when compared on the same day post ovulation. Plasma progesterone concentrations did not differ between mares that lost their pregnancy and those that delivered a live foal.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Mare age of >9 years is associated with decreased pregnancy rate after twin reduction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Potential relevance<\/jats:title>\n Furthering the understanding of factors that affect live foal outcome following manual twin elimination in mares.<\/jats:p>\n \n \n The\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ummary is available in\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n hinese \u2013 see\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n upporting information.\n <\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,25]],"date-time":"2013-02-25T08:29:03Z","timestamp":1361780943000},"page":"676-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Factors affecting live foal rates of\n T<\/scp>\n horoughbred mares that undergo manual twin elimination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"M. R.","family":"Schnobrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. T.","family":"Riddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Stromberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics University of Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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