{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:12:12Z","timestamp":1790125932826,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n Diarrhoea caused by infectious agents is common in foals but there is no comprehensive molecular work\u2010up of the relative prevalence of common agents and appearance of coinfections.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the prevalence of 9 infectious agents in gastrointestinal (\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2010diseased and healthy foals with ages ranging from 1 to 20 weeks of age and to what degree coinfections are associated with clinical signs of\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective controlled observational study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The population consisted of 88\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n horoughbred foals aged 2 days to 17 weeks born on 32 different studfarms in\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n entucky. Healthy (n = 37) and\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010diseased (n = 51) foals were identified based on clinical presentation. Faecal samples were analysed for 9 infectious agents by real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n : equine rotavirus, equine coronavirus,\n \n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n lostridium difficile\n <\/jats:italic>\n toxins\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n &\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n eorickettsia risticii\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n lostridium perfringens\n <\/jats:italic>\n alpha toxin,\n \n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n awsonia intracellularis\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n hodococcus equi\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ryptosporidium\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp., and\n \n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n almonella\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp.\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n was also cultured from overnight selenite enrichment broth.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of infectious pathogens under study was between 0% (\n \n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n awsonia intracellularis\n <\/jats:italic>\n ) and 34.6% (equine rotavirus). The overall prevalence for any infectious agent was 63.2% in the\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010diseased group and 43.2% in the healthy group. Coinfections were significantly more frequent in the sick group (15 monoinfections vs. 22 coinfections) than in the healthy group (12 vs. 4, respectively, P = 0.0002). Six of the 8 infectious agents were associated with the\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010diseased group, the other 2 were not (equine coronavirus and\n \n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009equi\n <\/jats:italic>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The use of panels rather than individual tests in combination with quantitative toxin gene analysis enables detection of coinfections significantly associated with risk of disease. Several infectious diseases previously not tested for or considered unimportant were found at high prevalence and require further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T07:39:03Z","timestamp":1371454743000},"page":"311-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Infectious agents associated with diarrhoea in neonatal foals in central\n K<\/scp>\n entucky: A comprehensive molecular study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"N. M.","family":"Slovis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hagyard Equine Medical Institute Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Elam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hagyard Equine Medical Institute Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Leutenegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. 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