{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:56:17Z","timestamp":1790042177353,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing the study<\/jats:title>\n Monitoring the development of antimicrobial resistance is important for the rational selection of appropriate antimicrobial drugs to initiate treatment of foals with sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To identify temporal trends in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective review of medical records.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Foals aged <30 days with a diagnosis of sepsis, confirmed by culture of bacteria, were included. Susceptibility data, expressed as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (MIC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n , MIC\n 90<\/jats:sub>\n , MIC range) and percent of isolates that were susceptible to a particular antimicrobial drug, were compared for bacteria isolated from foals during 3 different time periods: 1979\u20131990, 1991\u20131997 and 1998\u20132010. The\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ochran\u2010\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n rmitage trend test and the\n J<\/jats:styled-content>\n onckheere\u2010\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n erpstra test were used for statistical analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 1091 bacterial isolates were cultured from 588 foals.\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterobacteriaceae,\n \n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n ctinobacillus\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp\n .<\/jats:italic>\n and \u03b2\u2010haemolytic\n \n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n treptococcus\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp\n .<\/jats:italic>\n showed a decrease in percent of isolates susceptible to gentamicin over time.\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterobacteriaceae,\n \n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n ctinobacillus\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp\n .<\/jats:italic>\n and \u03b2\u2010haemolytic\n \n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n treptococcus\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp. showed an increase in\n MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n values for amikacin.\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterobacteriaceae showed a decrease in percent of isolates susceptible to ceftiofur.\n \n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterococcus\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp\n .<\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n seudomonas\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp. showed increased\n MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n values to ceftiofur.\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterobacteriaceae showed increased\n MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n values to ceftizoxime.\n \n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterococcus\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp\n .<\/jats:italic>\n became more resistant to imipenem and showed increased\n MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n values to ticarcillin\/clavulanic acid. In contrast, several trends in increased susceptibility were also seen.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Based on these\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n results, the combination of amikacin and ampicillin remains an appropriate choice for initiating treatment of sepsis in foals while awaiting culture and susceptibility test results, although increasing development of resistance to amikacin was demonstrated. The decrease in\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n activity of ceftiofur against\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterobacteriaceae is of concern. Similarly, the development of resistance of\n \n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterococcus\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp. to imipenem is an important finding that warrants monitoring in the future. Judicious use of antimicrobials is therefore crucial.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T06:58:01Z","timestamp":1372661881000},"page":"161-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Temporal trends in\n in vitro<\/i>\n antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis: 1979\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"M. J. P.","family":"Theelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Edman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. G.","family":"Magdesian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine University of California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00441.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00440.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.12.1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Henson S.andBarton M.(2001)Bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity patterns from septicemic neonatal foals: a 15 year retrospective study (1986\u20132000).Dorothy R. 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