{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:56:01Z","timestamp":1790042161084,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n Sepsis is an important cause of death in foals. Knowledge of which pathogens are likely to be involved is important for selection of antimicrobial drugs for initial treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To identify temporal trends in prevalence of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis between 1979 and 2010.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective review of medical records.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n All foals \u226430 days of age presented to the\n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n eterinary\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n edical\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n eaching\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n ospital (\n VMTH)<\/jats:styled-content>\n at the University of California,\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n avis between 1979 and 2010, with a diagnosis of sepsis confirmed by culture of bacteria from blood or internal organs (\n antemortem<\/jats:italic>\n or at necropsy), were included in the study. Conventional microbiological methods were used to identify isolated organisms. The\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ochran\u2013\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n rmitage trend test was used for statistical analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The percentage of\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n ram\u2010positive isolates increased significantly over the years. The percentage\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterobacteriacea\n ,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n lebsiella\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp. in particular\n ,<\/jats:italic>\n decreased over time.\n \n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterococcus\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp. isolates were cultured more often in recent years.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Whereas\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n ram\u2010negative bacteria, particularly\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterobacteriaceae, remain the most common isolates from neonatal foals with sepsis, the prevalence of\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n ram\u2010positive bacteria is increasing. This trend underlines the importance of including antimicrobial drugs active against both\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n ram\u2010positive and\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n ram\u2010negative bacteria in treatment protocols while awaiting the results of bacteriological culture and susceptibility tests. The increased prevalence of\n \n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n nterococcus\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp. is of concern because antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for enterococci are unpredictable and enterococci can also act as donors of antimicrobial resistance genes to other bacteria.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T06:58:33Z","timestamp":1372661913000},"page":"169-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Temporal trends in prevalence of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis: 1979\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"M. J. P.","family":"Theelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Edman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. G.","family":"Magdesian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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