{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:31:26Z","timestamp":1762083086711,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,5]],"date-time":"2013-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n \n Penile and preputial papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma (\n SCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) are commonly diagnosed in horses. Papillomas have the potential to progress to potentially lethal\n SCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms may help in prevention and definition of treatment targets.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective study using archived material.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the expression of cyclo\u2010oxygenase 1 (\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101), cyclo\u2010oxygenase 2 (\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102) and microsomal prostaglandin\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n synthase\u20101 (\n mPGES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101) in penile and preputial normal tissue, papilloma and\n SCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n in horses, and whether expression of these enzymes is influenced by degree of inflammation and differentiation grade.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Tumour differentiation grade, degree of inflammation and\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101,\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 and\n mPGES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 expression in 75 formalin\u2010fixed paraffin embedded samples of penile and preputial papilloma and\n SCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n of 68 horses were investigated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Inflammation was more prominent in\n SCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared with papilloma. No correlation between expression of\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 or\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 and inflammation was found. Expression of\n mPGES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 was weakly correlated with inflammation. Expression of\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101,\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 and\n mPGES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 was found in 42.6%, 50.7% and 96.0% of lesions respectively, but less than 1% of cells were immunopositive for\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 and\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 in 59.4% and 84.2% of cases respectively. Expression of\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 was moderately negatively correlated with differentiation grade,\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 was not correlated and\n mPGES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 was poorly negatively correlated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Expression of\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 and\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 in penile and preputial\n SCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the horse is poor and\n COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n inhibitors may thus be of little value for prevention or treatment. Microsomal\n PGES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 is more prominently expressed in well\u2010differentiated tissue compared with poorly differentiated tissue. Further research on the role of\n mPGES<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 in carcinogenesis is needed to assess its potential use as a treatment target. Knowledge of arachidonic pathway enzyme expression and their role in equine penile and preputial carcinogenesis may help in developing preventive and therapeutic strategies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T15:16:19Z","timestamp":1374678979000},"page":"618-624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Expression of cyclo\u2010oxygenases\u20101 and \u20102, and microsomal prostaglandin\n E<\/scp>\n synthase\u20101 in penile and preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in the horse"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"J. G. B.","family":"van den Top","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Harkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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