{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:08:59Z","timestamp":1791191339767,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"French National Agency of Technological Research (ANRT)","award":["n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd720\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd720\/2009"]}]},{"name":"Institut Fran\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdais du Cheval et de lEquitation (IFCE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n The relationship between the biomechanical horse\u2013rider interaction and endurance race performance requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To characterise, both quantitatively and qualitatively, elite and advanced horse\u2013rider dyads on the basis of the biomechanical horse\u2013rider interaction during endurance races.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n \n Five elite and 5 advanced horse\u2013rider dyads were recorded during\n CEI<\/jats:styled-content>\n *\/\n CEI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ** endurance races using 2 synchronised triaxial accelerometers each placed close to horse and rider centres of mass.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n For each horse\u2013rider dyad, analyses focused on the vertical displacements of horse and rider per stride. This allowed quantification of the proportional use of each gait and riding technique per loop. The quality of the biomechanical horse\u2013rider interaction was examined through the relative phases (\n RP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of their respective vertical displacement minima. Instantaneous speed and rider heart rates were recorded using a global positioning system device\/heart rate monitor.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n All dyads predominantly used 2 riding techniques per gait. The 2\u2010point trot proportion was limited in both groups (11%). Throughout the race, the advanced horse\u2013rider dyads showed a global stability in speed, in the proportion of 4 combinations of gait and riding techniques and in mean\n RP<\/jats:styled-content>\n . However, the elite horse\u2013rider dyads initially had higher mean\n RP<\/jats:styled-content>\n values (P<0.01), and from mid\u2010race to the end an increasing proportion of sitting canter, with associated increases in racing speed (P<0.001) and in mean heart rate (P<0.01). Intradyad\n RP<\/jats:styled-content>\n variability in 2\u2010point canter increased in both groups (P<0.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Accelerometers are a valuable tool to follow the quantitative and qualitative trends of the biomechanical horse\u2013rider interaction during international endurance races. The overall results emphasise the influence of the level of expertise on the adopted gait and riding techniques, thus influencing the racing speed. It remains to be established whether fatigue and\/or strategy underlie our observations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T07:37:49Z","timestamp":1392190669000},"page":"78-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Combined influence of expertise and fatigue on riding strategy and horse\u2013rider coupling during the time course of endurance races"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Viry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287 Marseille France"},{"name":"BRD Concept Anglet France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. B.","family":"De Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287 Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010P.","family":"Frances","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JPF Stables Venelles France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Berton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287 Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287 Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287 Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"38","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00220.x","article-title":"Elimination from elite endurance rides in nine countries: a preliminary study","volume":"42","author":"Nagy A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"issue":"38","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00225.x","article-title":"Endurance veterinarians detect physiologically compromised horses in a 160\u2009km ride","volume":"42","author":"Barnes A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.4.493","article-title":"Risk factors for the elimination of endurance horses from competition","volume":"239","author":"Fielding C.L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2004.10.006","article-title":"Influence of the rider on the variability of the equine gait","volume":"23","author":"Peham C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.37.6.418-424","article-title":"Coordination dynamics of the horse\u2010rider system","volume":"37","author":"Lagarde J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mot. Behav."},{"issue":"36","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05576.x","article-title":"A pattern recognition approach for the quantification of horse and rider interactions","volume":"38","author":"Sch\u00f6llhorn W.I.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.03.002","article-title":"Usability of normal force distribution measurements to evaluate asymmetrical loading of the back of the horse and different rider positions on a standing horse","volume":"181","author":"Cocq P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"issue":"30","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05221.x","article-title":"The effects of a rider's mass on ground reaction forces and fetlock kinematics at the trot","volume":"31","author":"Clayton H.M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044848000","article-title":"Effects of girth, saddle and weight on movements of the horse","volume":"36","author":"Cocq P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044848028","article-title":"Influence of rider on lameness in trotting horses","volume":"36","author":"Licka T.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000207","article-title":"Energy expenditure of horse riding","volume":"82","author":"Devienne M.F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00423243","article-title":"A study of physical demands in riding","volume":"50","author":"Westerling D.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00601810","article-title":"The physical demands of riding in National Hunt races","volume":"70","author":"Trowbridge E.A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.04.007","article-title":"A comparison of forces acting on the horse's back and the stability of the rider's seat in different positions at the trot","volume":"184","author":"Peham C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174605","article-title":"Modern riding style improves horse racing times","volume":"325","author":"Pfau T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71804","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071804","article-title":"Patterns of horse\u2010rider coordination during endurance race: a dynamical system approach","volume":"8","author":"Viry S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2012.11.002","article-title":"Coordination dynamics in horse\u2010rider dyads","volume":"32","author":"Wolframm I.A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166087","article-title":"Self\u2010organizing dynamics of the human brain: critical instabilities and Sil'nikov chaos","volume":"5","author":"Kelso J.A.S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04864.x","article-title":"Utilisation of an accelerometric device in equine gait analysis","volume":"26","author":"Barrey E.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.18.2.403","article-title":"Evolution of behavioral attractors with learning: nonequilibrium phase transitions","volume":"18","author":"Zanone P.G.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Liesens L.(2010)Endurance Le livre d'un cavalier Pour les cavaliers. p 360."}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fevj.12236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.12236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:44:23Z","timestamp":1762076663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.12236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.12236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.12236","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-08-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-01-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-03-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}