{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:44Z","timestamp":1787014184639,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,4]],"date-time":"2014-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nederlands Kankerfonds voor Dieren"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n \n Equine penile and preputial squamous cell carcinoma (\n SCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a potentially lethal disease of which little is known regarding the relationship between tumour characteristics and prognosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To assess the relationship between tumour differentiation grade (tumour subtype), presence of papillomaviruses, expression of viral genes (\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2,\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6,\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1), nuclear proteins p53 and\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n i67 and metastasis in equine penile and preputial SCC and to assess the relationship of tumour subtype, presence of papillomavirus\n type 2<\/jats:italic>\n , p53 and\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n i67 with survival.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective case\u2013control study using archived material.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Samples (n = 103) from 87 horses with penile and\/or preputial intraepithelial neoplasia (\n PIN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), papilloma or SCC and corresponding case files were evaluated. Tumours were graded microscopically and p53 and\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n i67 expression evaluated immunohistochemically. Equine papillomavirus (\n EcPV<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\n types 2<\/jats:italic>\n and\n 3<\/jats:italic>\n \u2005\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n was detected by conventional\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n was used for quantification of\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2,\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6 and\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Equine papillomavirus\n type 2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2005\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n was detected in 89.4% and\n EcPV<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3 in 1.5% of horses. No differences in quantitative expression of\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2,\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6 and\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1 oncogenes between subtypes were found. Expression of p53 and occurrence of metastasis were positively correlated to a less differentiated subtype (r = 0.429, P<0.001 and r = 0.769, P = 0.001, respectively). Differences in survival between subtypes were significant (log Rank P<0.001); horses with less differentiated tumours were more likely to die of the disease (papilloma 8.3%;\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1 26.1%;\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 26.3%;\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3 63.3%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n n equine penile and preputial\n SCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , tumour grading is an important prognosticator for survival and a predictor for presence of metastases. Expression of p53 and\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n i67 and presence or expression of\n EcPV<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 and\n EcPV<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3 do not appear to be important prognosticators.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T12:36:35Z","timestamp":1393245395000},"page":"188-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Expression of p53,\n K<\/scp>\n i67,\n EcPV<\/scp>\n 2\u2010 and\n EcPV<\/scp>\n 3\n DNA<\/scp>\n , and viral genes in relation to metastasis and outcome in equine penile and preputial squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"J. G. 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