{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:12:22Z","timestamp":1791943942876,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Colorado State University Equine Orthopaedic Research Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n \n Hindlimb proximal suspensory desmopathy is a common injury of sport horses but diagnosis can be difficult because diagnostic analgesia of the region lacks specificity. Perineural analgesia of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve (\n DBLPN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) has been proposed as a more specific method of isolating pain of the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament but the technique has not been evaluated\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the extent of diffusion of contrast medium and mepivacaine following\n DBLPN<\/jats:styled-content>\n analgesia using a single\u2010needle injection technique and to determine if there is inadvertent involvement of the tarsal sheath and\/or tarsometatarsal (\n TMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) joint using this technique.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n \n In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n experimental study.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Perineural injection of the\n DBLPN<\/jats:styled-content>\n was performed in 16 limbs with 3\u2009ml of either mepivacaine hydrochloride or positive contrast medium. Contrast medium\u2010injected limbs were radiographed 5, 15, and 30\u2009min post injection and diffusion characteristics were described. In mepivacaine\u2010injected limbs, synovial fluid from the\n TMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n joint was obtained 10 and 20\u2009min post injection and mepivacaine concentrations were analysed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n At 5, 15 and 30\u2009min post injection, the contrast medium extended, on average, 19.6, 20.6 and 21.0\u2009mm proximal and 38.0, 43.5 and 51.9\u2009mm distal to the injection site, respectively. Three of 8 (37.5%) limbs had evidence of contrast medium in the tarsal sheath. Two of 8 (25%) limbs had mepivacaine concentrations within the\n TMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n joint sufficient to produce analgesia (>300\u2009mg\/l) at 10\u2009min post injection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Contrast medium diffused further in a distal direction than in a proximal direction. Analgesia of the\n DBLPN<\/jats:styled-content>\n can result in inadvertent involvement of the tarsal sheath and\/or\n TMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n joint.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T04:58:51Z","timestamp":1394427531000},"page":"230-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["In vivo<\/i>\n diffusion characteristics following perineural injection of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve with mepivacaine or iohexol in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"E. K.","family":"Contino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Vald\u00e9s\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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