{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:42Z","timestamp":1787014182709,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gluck Fellowship in the Department of Veterinary Science"},{"name":"Janet H. Koller Endowment for Equine Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n Research has shown that 6\u2009h after breeding is a critical time during the uterine innate immune response, and the failure to respond appropriately will result in persistent breeding\u2010induced endometritis. This presents a potential opportunity to modulate the course of inflammation towards a timely resolution.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the effects of immune modulation on endometrial\n mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression of inflammatory genes in susceptible mares 6\u2009h after breeding. The hypothesis was that immune modulation alters endometrial cytokine expression in susceptible mares.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n A randomised controlled study to evaluate the effects of mycobacterial cell wall extract and dexamethasone on endometrial gene expression after insemination in 6 mares susceptible to persistent breeding\u2010induced endometritis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Six susceptible mares were selected based on their uterine inflammatory response to insemination. Mares were inseminated during 3 oestrous cycles with 1 \u00d7 10\n 9<\/jats:sup>\n nonviable spermatozoa and 1) no additional treatment (control), or in combination with 2) dexamethasone (50\u2009mg i.v.) at the time of insemination, or 3) with mycobacterial cell wall extract (1.5\u2009ml i.v.) administered 24\u2009h prior to insemination. Mares received one treatment per cycle in randomised order, and each mare served as her own control. Endometrial biopsies were collected 6\u2009h after breeding, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for interleukin (\n IL)1\u03b2<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n IL6<\/jats:styled-content>\n , interferon \u03b3,\n IL10<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n IL1RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n was performed. Relative quantification values reported fold changes in\n mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression from the control. Data were analysed using an\n ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and significance was set at P<0.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Expression of\n IL1\u03b2 mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n was lower after treatment with dexamethasone (P<0.001) and mycobacterial cell wall extract (P<0.05) when compared with control. No differences were detected in the\n mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression of the other cytokines after any of the treatments.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Treatment with immune modulators alters endometrial\n mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression of\n IL1\u03b2<\/jats:styled-content>\n after insemination. A better understanding of the mechanisms of immune modulation in the equine uterus can help to improve treatments for persistent breeding\u2010induced endometritis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]],"date-time":"2014-03-19T23:43:18Z","timestamp":1395272598000},"page":"235-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The effect of treatment with immune modulators on endometrial cytokine expression in mares susceptible to persistent breeding\u2010induced endometritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"E. M.","family":"Woodward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science The Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Christoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Horohov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science The Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. L.","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science The Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. H. T.","family":"Troedsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science The Maxwell H. 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