{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:16:18Z","timestamp":1770221778426,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n \n A comprehensive evaluation of the real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n assay for leptospirosis in comparison with other diagnostic assays on a large\u2010scale basis is fundamental in validating the assay and determining the causes of equine abortions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To compare and evaluate the diagnostic value of real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n assay for leptospirosis with traditional methods in equine leptospiral abortions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Cross\u2010sectional observational study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A\n \n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n eptospira\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp. fluorescent antibody test (\n FAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), microscopic agglutination test (\n MAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n (targeting the\n LipL32<\/jats:styled-content>\n gene) were compared and evaluated in equine fetal necropsy specimens (placenta, kidney, liver and heart blood) and maternal serum (when available) in 339 equine fetuses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n From a total of 339 equine fetuses necropsied, 21 cases (6.19%) were diagnosed as leptospiral abortion. The majority of leptospiral abortions occurred in\n J<\/jats:styled-content>\n anuary (8 cases) and\n F<\/jats:styled-content>\n ebruary (5 cases). Real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n detected 21 of 21 cases, whereas\n MAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n FAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n detected 19 and 18 (including 2 suspicious cases) cases, respectively. Comparing tissues, placenta yielded somewhat similar cycle of threshold values by real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared with kidney, whereas kidney was the best specimen for the diagnosis of leptospirosis by the\n FAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n test. In all\n MAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n positive cases, the predominant titre in fetal heart blood was to serovar\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n omona (ranging 1:100 to 1:204,800) with little or no cross\u2010reaction to serovar\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n rippotyphosa.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The results indicate that real\u2010time\n PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n is an effective method for the diagnosis of leptospiral abortion in horses. However,\n MAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n should continue to be used in clinical cases for serovar determination.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T06:50:49Z","timestamp":1398063049000},"page":"171-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A diagnostic evaluation of real\u2010time\n PCR<\/scp>\n , fluorescent antibody and microscopic agglutination tests in cases of equine leptospiral abortion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Erol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory University of Kentucky Lexington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory University of Kentucky Lexington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. N.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory University of Kentucky Lexington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879500700114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879100300208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30088-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01811.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Equine Infectious Diseases V: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference","author":"Ellis W.A.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063878900100401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"Equine abortions in eastern Ontario due to leptospirosis","volume":"40","author":"Shapiro J.L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. 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