{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T02:22:02Z","timestamp":1777083722379,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horse Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most prevalent type of equine dental pulpitis due to apical infection is not associated with coronal fractures or periodontal disease. The pathogenesis of this type of pulpitis is not fully understood. Computed tomography (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is increasingly used to investigate equine dental disorders. However, gross, tomographic and histopathological changes in equine dental pulpitis have not been compared previously.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To compare gross,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and histological appearances of sectioned mandibular cheek teeth extracted from horses with clinical signs of pulpitis without coronal fractures or periodontal disease. To contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of equine dental pulpitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive study using diseased and healthy teeth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mandibular cheek teeth extracted from horses with clinical signs of pulpitis (cases), and from cadavers with no history of dental disease (controls), were compared using\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in the transverse plane at 1\u2009mm intervals. Teeth were then sectioned transversely, photographed and processed for histopathological examination. Tomographs were compared with corresponding gross and histological sections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cement, dentine and bone had similar ranges of attenuation (550\u20132000\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ounsfield\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      nits,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in tomographs but could be differentiated from pulp (\u2010400 to 500\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and enamel (&gt; 2500\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Twelve discrete dental lesions were identified grossly, 10 of which were characterised histologically. Reactive and reparative dentinogenesis and extensive pulpar mineralisation, previously undescribed, were identified. Pulpar oedema, neutrophilic inflammation, cement and enamel defects, and reactive cemental deposition were also observed. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and pathological findings corresponded well where there was mineralised tissue deposited, defects in mineralised tissue, or food material in the pulpar area. Pulpar and dentinal necrosis and cement destruction, evident grossly and histologically, did not correspond to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computed tomography is useful for identifying deposition and defects of mineralised material but less useful for identifying inflammation and tissue destruction. The equine dentine\u2010pulp complex responds to insult with reactive and reparative changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]],"date-time":"2014-06-26T08:34:48Z","timestamp":1403771688000},"page":"557-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Gross, computed tomographic and histological findings in mandibular cheek teeth extracted from horses with clinical signs of pulpitis due to apical infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"M. B.","family":"Casey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Science University of Bristol  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. 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