{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:39:48Z","timestamp":1790080788094,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"California Horse Racing Board's Racing Safety Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n To gain insight into the pathophysiology of equine lumbar vertebral fractures in racehorses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To characterise equine lumbar vertebral fractures in\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n alifornia racehorses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective case series and prospective case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Racehorse\n post mortem<\/jats:italic>\n reports and jockey injury reports were retrospectively reviewed. Vertebral specimens from 6 racehorses affected with lumbar vertebral fractures and 4 control racehorses subjected to euthanasia for nonspinal fracture were assessed using visual, radiographic, computed tomography and histological examinations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Lumbar vertebral fractures occurred in 38\n Q<\/jats:styled-content>\n uarter\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n orse and 29\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n horoughbred racehorses over a 22 year period, primarily involving the 5th and\/or 6th lumbar vertebrae (\n L5<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2013\n L6<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; 87% of\n Q<\/jats:styled-content>\n uarter\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n orses and 48% of\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n horoughbreds). Lumbar vertebral fractures were the third most common musculoskeletal cause of death in\n Q<\/jats:styled-content>\n uarter\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n orses and frequently involved a jockey injury. Lumbar vertebral specimens contained anatomical variations in the number of vertebrae, dorsal spinous processes and intertransverse articulations. Lumbar vertebral fractures examined in 6 racehorse specimens (5\n Q<\/jats:styled-content>\n uarter\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n orses and one\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n horoughbred) coursed obliquely in a cranioventral to caudodorsal direction across the adjacent\n L5<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2013\n L6<\/jats:styled-content>\n vertebral endplates and intervertebral disc, although one case involved only one endplate. All cases had evidence of abnormalities on the ventral aspect of the vertebral bodies consistent with pre\u2010existing, maladaptive pathology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Lumbar vertebral fractures occur in racehorses with pre\u2010existing pathology at the\n L5<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2013\n L6<\/jats:styled-content>\n vertebral junction that is likely predisposes horses to catastrophic fracture. Knowledge of these findings should encourage assessment of the lumbar vertebrae, therefore increasing detection of mild vertebral injuries and preventing catastrophic racehorse and associated jockey injuries.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]],"date-time":"2014-08-19T06:35:04Z","timestamp":1408430104000},"page":"573-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Caudal lumbar vertebral fractures in\n C<\/scp>\n alifornia\n Q<\/scp>\n uarter\n H<\/scp>\n orse and\n T<\/scp>\n horoughbred racehorses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2734-8675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. M.","family":"Collar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Zavodovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"},{"name":"Comparative Pathology Graduate Group School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Spriet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. L.","family":"Hitchens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"},{"name":"One Health Institute School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Wisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. A.","family":"Uzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory School of Veterinary Medicine University of California \u2010 Davis San Bernardino USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Stover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00457.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0610"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967113492625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1975.tb03234.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1980.tb03427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Conditions causing thoracolumbar pain and dysfunction in horses","volume":"31","author":"Jeffcott L.B.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. 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