{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:45:43Z","timestamp":1768351543857,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,7]],"date-time":"2015-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014560","name":"WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n \n The in\u2010feed oral glucose test (\n OGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and oral sugar test (\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) are advocated as field tests of insulin sensitivity in horses and ponies but have not been directly compared.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To compare the insulin response to\n OGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n in 8 ponies and 5 horses of unknown insulin sensitivity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Experimental, randomised crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Animals were fasted for 8\u2009h overnight before and throughout testing. They were fed 1\u2009g\/kg bwt glucose powder with chaff (\n OGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) or 0.15\u2009ml\/kg bwt corn syrup (\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n aro\u2122\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n ight\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n yrup;\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was administered\n per os<\/jats:italic>\n in a randomised crossover study with 48\u2009h between tests. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 30, 60, 75, 90, 120 and 180\u2009min. The maximal insulin concentration (\n \n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n max\n i<\/jats:sub>\n ), time to maximal insulin concentration (\n \n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n max\n i<\/jats:sub>\n ) and area under the curve of insulin concentration over time (\n \n AUC\n i<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for the tests were compared using Student's paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009test. The effect of individual subject, horse or pony and test were analysed using a linear mixed model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n OGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2005\n \n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n max\n i<\/jats:sub>\n (mean \u00b1 s.d.; 154 \u00b1 116\u2009\u03bciu\/ml),\n \n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n max\n i<\/jats:sub>\n (136 \u00b1 52\u2009min) and\n \n AUC\n i<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (15,308 \u00b1 9886\u2009\u03bciu\/ml\/min) were significantly (P<0.05) greater compared with the\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2005\n C<\/jats:italic>\n max\n i<\/jats:sub>\n (72 \u00b1 55\u2009\u03bciu\/ml),\n \n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n max\n i<\/jats:sub>\n (63 \u00b1 25\u2009min) and\n \n AUC\n i<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (5980 \u00b1 4151\u2009\u03bciu\/ml\/min). The\n \n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n max\n i<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n \n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n max\n i<\/jats:sub>\n and\n \n AUC\n i<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n varied significantly between individual subjects. The\n \n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n max\n i<\/jats:sub>\n was significantly different between horses and ponies during\n OGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Using previously defined criteria of insulin dysregulation,\n OGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n identified 7\/13 animals as insulin resistant, whereas\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n identified 5\/13 animals as insulin resistant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n OGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed agreement in identification of insulin dysregulation in 85% of equine subjects. Results of the\n OGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n are not comparable in all cases. Further work is required to establish which test more accurately diagnoses insulin dysregulation in horses and ponies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]],"date-time":"2015-01-13T07:10:07Z","timestamp":1421133007000},"page":"224-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Comparison of the in\u2010feed glucose test and the oral sugar test"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition Waltham on the Wolds Leicestershire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Menzies\u2010Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.10.1538"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1970.305764x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2004.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0745.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X238512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.8192333x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05608.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2011.00327.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.10.1596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"650","article-title":"Comparison of an oral sugar test and intravenous insulin tolerance test to characterise horses with equine metabolic syndrome; 2013 ACVIM Forum Research Abstracts Program","volume":"27","author":"Reiche D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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