{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:26:22Z","timestamp":1785536782941,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zoetis Animal Health, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Equine recurrent uveitis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is a leading cause of vision loss in horses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess the prognosis and impact of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      on affected horses and their owners by evaluating the signalment, treatment and outcome (including the loss of use, vision assessment and economic loss).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective impact study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Medical records of horses presenting to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Health Complex (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VHC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      between 1999 and 2014 were reviewed. Signalment, clinical signs, ophthalmic examination findings, treatments and outcomes were evaluated. Owner questionnaires were completed regarding vision, job\/role, monetary value, diagnostic and treatment costs, concurrent illness and outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Records of 224 horses (338 eyes) with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were reviewed. There was an overrepresentation of Appaloosas (54; 24.1%), Hanoverians (11; 4.9%) and other Warmbloods (13; 5.8%). Ninety\u2010six eyes (28.4%) were diagnosed as blind and 38 eyes (11.2%) with glaucoma on initial evaluation. Leptospirosis titres of serum and\/or aqueous humour were obtained in 88 horses and were positive in 40 horses (45.5%), with\n                      <jats:italic>L.\u00a0pomona<\/jats:italic>\n                      being the most frequently isolated serovar. Globe loss at the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VHC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      occurred in 41\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      eyes (12.1% of total). Owner questionnaires were evaluated in 194 horses (86.6%) and 91 horses (46.9%) were reported blind in the affected eye(s). Fifty\u2010seven horses (29.4%) did not return to their previous role, while 61 (31.4%) performed at a reduced level. Equine recurrent uveitis decreased the monetary value of 164 horses. Twenty\u2010nine horses (14.9%) were euthanised and 37 (19.1%) underwent change in ownership as a direct result of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The impact of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is attributed to the high frequency of blindness, globe loss and loss of function. Euthanasia and change of ownership are common sequelae to the progressive nature of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . These factors, along with financial costs of the disease, have a significant impact on affected horses and their owners.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>The Summary is available in Chinese \u2013 see Supporting Information.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,18]],"date-time":"2015-04-18T03:24:55Z","timestamp":1429327495000},"page":"290-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Prognosis and impact of equine recurrent uveitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"J. 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