{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:43:18Z","timestamp":1762101798587,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Endowment income of the Keeneland Chair of Infectious Diseases"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Foals of mares infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Pomona type kennewicki (Lk) may be aborted\/stillborn or delivered as healthy foals. Is fetal survival explained in part by the immune response of the fetus to\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigens?\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To describe an outbreak of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      abortion in which infected mares delivered dead\/sick or normal foals and determine specificities of antibody in a collection of 54 fetuses from similar outbreaks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outbreak investigation in combination with a case\u2010control study of a larger set of samples from aborted fetuses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on urine and amniotic fluids were used to diagnose infection during an outbreak of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      abortion. Specificities of immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgGa and IgGb for recombinant proteins of Lk in archived fluids of fetuses from similar outbreaks were compared by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with those of fluids of fetuses not infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five fetuses of 11 infected mares in an outbreak survived\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the presence of persistent placental infection and were healthy at foaling. Fetuses of 6 mares in the outbreak were aborted or died soon after birth. Significantly greater (P&lt;0.05) IgM reactivity with all recombinant proteins and with Lk sonicate was observed in 54 archived fluids from\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected fetuses than in fluids of 30 of non\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected fetuses. Low levels of IgGa and IgGb specific for LipL32 and Lk sonicate and traces of LigA and Hsp15 specific IgGa were detected in a minority of archived fluids from\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected fetuses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although mainly mediated by IgM, a high level of immune competence in aborted fetuses was evidenced by the multiplicity of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      proteins targeted. This is likely to contribute to survival of foals in mares with evidence of placental infection at foaling as detailed in a typical outbreak.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T01:17:01Z","timestamp":1450228621000},"page":"704-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multiple specificities of immunoglobulin M in equine fetuses infected with\n                    <i>Leptospira interrogans<\/i>\n                    indicate a competent immune response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Velineni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gluck Equine Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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