{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:23:16Z","timestamp":1791858196094,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003008","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Egypt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n Oro\u2010dental disease can have a significant impact on equine welfare.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the prevalence of oro\u2010dental disease and to identify risk factors for oro\u2010dental disorders and poor body condition scores (\n BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in a working horse population in Egypt.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Cross\u2010sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Oro\u2010dental examination was performed on 450 working horses in 2 Egyptian provinces. Horse and management historical data were collected and horses were assigned to no\/mild, moderate and severe dental disease categories based on findings on examination. Multivariable logistic regression and generalised additive models were used to identify risk factors for oral mucosal injuries and very poor\/poor\n BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and to explore the relationship between age and different oro\u2010dental disorders.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Oro\u2010dental disease was common, with 45.3% and 8.4% of horses considered to have moderate and severe oro\u2010dental disease, respectively. None of these horses had previously undergone any form of proper dental examination and treatment by trained personnel. Oral mucosal injuries (64.2%) and sharp enamel points (79.8%) were most common. Oral mucosal injuries were significantly associated with increasing age (odds ratio (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.1, 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.01\u20131.1, P = 0.03), focal dental overgrowths (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.4, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.4\u20134.0, P = 0.002) and sharp enamel points (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6.3, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.5\u201311.0, P<0.001). Very poor and poor\n BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n were significantly associated with severe dental disease (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.6, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.2\u20135.8, P = 0.02), horses aged 16\u201330 years (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.5, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.7\u20137.0, P = 0.001), height (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.9, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.9\u20130.97, P = 0.001) and packed cell volume (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.9, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.85\u20130.95, P<0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n There is a need for education of working horse\u2010owners in Egypt about the importance of oro\u2010dental disease and for greater availability of veterinarians with suitable training and equipment to perform dental prophylaxis and treatment. Even simple dental prophylaxis could have a significant impact on the health and welfare of this population of working horses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T08:34:07Z","timestamp":1446539647000},"page":"26-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence of oro\u2010dental pathology in a working horse population in Egypt and its relation to equine health"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S. E.","family":"Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Sciences University of Liverpool Neston Cheshire UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Zagazig University Zakazik Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. B.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Sciences University of Liverpool Neston Cheshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Refaai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Zagazig University Zakazik Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Zagazig University Zakazik Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. C.","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Sciences University of Liverpool Neston Cheshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X368912"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X368903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00383.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"169","volume-title":"7th International Colloquium on Working Equids","author":"Skippen L.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2012.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2005.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"363","volume-title":"The 6th International Colloquium on Working Equids","author":"Thiemann A.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X266060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X267104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2009.00024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Baker G.J.(1979)A Study of Dental Disease in the Horse. 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