{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:02:26Z","timestamp":1762074146219,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]],"date-time":"2015-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zweig Memorial Fund of Equine Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Crib\u2010biting is a common oral stereotypy. Although most treatments involve prevention, the efficacy of various anti\u2010crib devices, including surgically implanted gingival rings, has thus far not been empirically tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demonstrate the effect that 2 anti\u2010crib collars, muzzle and gingival rings have on crib\u2010biting, other maintenance behaviours, and cortisol levels in established crib\u2010biting horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomised, crossover clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In\n                      <jats:italic>Experiment I<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 2 anti\u2010crib collars and a muzzle were used on 8 established crib\u2010biting horses; horses wore each of 3 devices for 7 days, with a 7\u2010day device\u2010free period between treatments. Horses were video recorded for 24 h at least 3 times each week prior to any device placement, and always the day after a device was removed. In\n                      <jats:italic>Experiment II<\/jats:italic>\n                      , gingival rings were used in 6 established crib\u2010biting horses; horses were video recorded for 3 days prior to ring implantation and the day after surgery until the rings became ineffective. Plasma cortisol levels were assessed every day during\n                      <jats:italic>Experiment II<\/jats:italic>\n                      and on Days 1, 3 and 5 of each week during\n                      <jats:italic>Experiment I<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All devices significantly reduced crib\u2010biting compared with control periods. There was no significant difference in crib\u2010bite reduction amongst devices in\n                      <jats:italic>Experiment I<\/jats:italic>\n                      , or between pre\u2010device periods and the first day the device was removed. The only increase in plasma cortisol occurred on the day of surgery in\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        Experiment\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Common anti\u2010crib devices are effective in reducing crib\u2010biting and significant distress was not evident from our findings. We did not find a post inhibitory rebound effect. Surgical rings were successful only temporarily and implantation was probably painful to the horses. Because stereotypies involve suboptimal environmental conditions, efforts should be made to improve husbandry factors previously shown to contribute to crib\u2010biting, and research into decreasing horses' motivation to crib\u2010bite should continue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T07:57:04Z","timestamp":1446710224000},"page":"727-731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Efficacy and effects of various anti\u2010crib devices on behaviour and physiology of crib\u2010biting horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"J. D.","family":"Albright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Tennessee Knoxville USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. H.","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"},{"name":"Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. W.","family":"Rohrbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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