{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:25:47Z","timestamp":1770222347096,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]],"date-time":"2015-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acid\u2010base imbalances observed in human paediatric patients are associated with outcome. Likewise, neonatal foals may have different acid\u2010base imbalances associated with diagnosis or prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine acid\u2010base imbalances by the quantitative method in ill neonatal foals and assess their association with diagnosis and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational prospective clinical study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study included 65 ill neonatal foals (32 septic, 33 nonseptic) admitted to an equine referral hospital from 2005 to 2011with acid\u2010base parameters determined on admission and a control group of 33 healthy neonatal foals. Blood\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pCO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , sodium, potassium, chloride, L\u2010lactate, albumin and phosphate concentrations were determined. Bicarbonate, globulin, measured strong ion difference (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), nonvolatile weak buffer concentrations (A\n                      <jats:sub>tot<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), base excess and its components were calculated. Analysis of covariance (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANCOVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and multiple linear regression statistical analyses were performed. Results are summarised as mean \u00b1 s.d. for normally distributed variables and median [25\u201375th percentiles] for non\u2010normally distributed ones.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 63% of ill foals had respiratory alkalosis and 58.5% had\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                      acidosis. The combination of both alterations was detected in 21 of 65 ill foals and abnormal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was found in 24 of 65. Compared with healthy foals, ill foals had significantly lower\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                      (nonseptic 31.6 \u00b1 6.3 [P&lt;0.01] and septic 32.0 \u00b1 6.4 [P&lt;0.01] vs. control 40.3 \u00b1 3.1 mmol\/l), potassium (nonseptic 3.5 [3.3\u20133.8; P&lt;0.01] and septic 3.6 [3.2\u20134.3; P = 0.01] vs. control 4.2 [3.8\u20134.5]\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      q\/l) and higher L\u2010lactate (nonseptic 5.1 \u00b1 4.2 [P = 0.01] and septic 5.0 \u00b1 3.7 [P = 0.03] vs. control 2.5 \u00b1 1.3 mmol\/l). Significantly higher L\u2010lactate and venous\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pCO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were found in nonsurviving (6.4 \u00b1 3.5 mmol\/l [P = 0.04] and 51 \u00b1 13 mmHg [P&lt;0.01]) compared with surviving foals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most common acid\u2010base imbalances observed in ill foals were respiratory alkalosis,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                      acidosis or mixed respiratory alkalosis with strong ion acidosis. Increased venous\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pCO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and blood L\u2010lactate concentration were associated with poor outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]],"date-time":"2015-11-23T12:23:49Z","timestamp":1448281429000},"page":"51-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Acid base imbalances in ill neonatal foals and their association with survival"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Viu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Medicina Interna Equina Unitat Equina Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari i Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Armengou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Medicina Interna Equina Unitat Equina Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari i Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biostatistics and Epidemiology IDIBAPS Hospital Cl\u00ednic Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona and Statistics and Methodology Support Unit Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cesarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Medicina Interna Equina Unitat Equina Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari i Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Jose\u2010Cunilleras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Medicina Interna Equina Unitat Equina Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari i Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164054406856"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2008.00349.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00088.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v78i3.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"431","volume-title":"Stewart's Textbook of Acid\u2010Base","author":"Kellum J.A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340100915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2000.tb00241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(93)90085-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.1.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.07.881"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Stewart's Textbook of Acid\u2010Base","author":"Durward A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2001.9695090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"602","volume-title":"Equine Clinical Neonatology","author":"Bauer J.E.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776249327"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.1985.tb00841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"The short\u2010and long\u2010term results of the intensive care of 160 sick neonatal foals","volume":"130","author":"Welschen S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tijdschr. 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