{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:51:42Z","timestamp":1780505502138,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007134","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, Pecu\u00e1ria e Abastecimento","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In August 2014, an outbreak of oral exanthematous disease in equids was reported in Brazil, affecting 11 donkeys and 3 mules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate if\n                      <jats:italic>Vaccinia virus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VACV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was the aetiological agent in this outbreak.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigation of clinical cases using serological, molecular and phylogenetic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To analyse the presence of neutralising antibodies against\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VACV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , samples were submitted in triplicate to a plaque\u2010reduction neutralisation test (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRNT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sub>50%<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). On the basis of previous studies which detected\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VACV DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in sera, we submitted extracted\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      samples to different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) platforms targeting\n                      <jats:italic>Orthopoxvirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) genes (C11R, A56R and A26L). The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      products were directly sequenced in both orientations using specific primers and capillary electrophoresis. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the A26L and A56R nucleotide sequences (maximum likelihood) were prepared with the obtained nucleotide fragments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serological and molecular data suggested\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VACV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      as the aetiological agent. The neutralising antibodies against\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were detected in 5 (55.5%) of the equids, with titres \u226540 neutralising u\/ml. Based on the results obtained from all\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      platforms, all samples were positive for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 9 (100%) for A56R, 4 (44.4%) for C11R and 3 (33.3%) for A26L. The alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the A26L and A56R fragments revealed that the samples were highly similar to the homologous genes from other Brazilian\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VACV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:italic>Group 1<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates (98.8% identity on average). Furthermore, both the A26L and A56R sequences showed signature deletions also present in the sequences of\n                      <jats:italic>Group 1<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VACV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      isolates from Brazil.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our data raises questions about the role of equids in the chain of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VACV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      epidemiology. The surveillance of equids in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VACV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010affected areas worldwide is relevant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T03:34:43Z","timestamp":1455507283000},"page":"221-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection of\n                    <i>Vaccinia virus<\/i>\n                    during an outbreak of exanthemous oral lesions in Brazilian equids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"J. S.","family":"Abrah\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"de Souza Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pereira\u2010Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"de Oliveira Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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