{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T01:47:05Z","timestamp":1764812825605,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007235","name":"Colorado State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reasons for performing study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regional limb perfusion (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is an effective treatment option for injuries and infections of the distal limb in horses. Using ceftiofur sodium in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      has been studied due to its superior spectrum of Gram\u2010positive organisms compared to aminoglycosides, but it is not known if this antimicrobial drug adequately penetrates subcutaneous tissue and bone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the concentration of ceftiofur in plasma, subcutaneous tissue and bone in horses after\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six healthy horses were used in this study. Under standing sedation, an Esmarch tourniquet was applied to both proximal metacarpi and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was performed in each forelimb by injecting either ceftiofur sodium (experimental limb) or saline (control limb) i.v. in the lateral palmar digital vein. The experimental limb was injected with 2 g ceftiofur diluted to 60\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with sterile saline. The control limb was injected with 60\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      of sterile saline. The tourniquet was left in place for 30 min post injection. Plasma, subcutaneous tissue and cortical bone samples were collected immediately after tourniquet removal (0.5 h), 12 and 24 h post injection. Ceftiofur concentrations and its active metabolite desfuroylceftiofur were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry and the results were compared between control and experimental limbs using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median plasma concentrations were greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for common pathogens (1 \u03bcg\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) at 0 and 12 h post\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . The median subcutaneous tissue concentrations were greater than\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (1 \u03bcg\/g) at all 3 time points in the experimental limb. The median bone concentration was above\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (1 \u03bcg\/g) at time 0 in the experimental limb but was below\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      at 12 and 24 h in the experimental limb.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ceftiofur administration via\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      maintained plasma concentrations above\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      for 12 h. Subcutaneous tissue concentrations above\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were maintained for 24 h. Bone concentrations were only above\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      immediately after tourniquet removal. Further research is needed to evaluate ceftiofur administration via\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and its implications in disease states.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T08:09:32Z","timestamp":1469520572000},"page":"341-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Plasma, subcutaneous tissue and bone concentrations of ceftiofur sodium after regional limb perfusion in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"K. S.","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. B.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gail Holmes Orthopaedic Research Center Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Wittenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flint Animal Cancer Center College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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