{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:17:24Z","timestamp":1791328644872,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]],"date-time":"2016-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Birthweight of Thoroughbred foals has increased in recent years. It is unknown whether this is associated with increased broodmare obesity or endocrine dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine insulin, leptin and triglyceride concentrations in Thoroughbred mares throughout gestation and investigate their association with obesity and foal birthweight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 66 mares were included from 40 days post\u2010breeding. Body condition score (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), weight and blood samples were obtained every 60 days throughout gestation. Serum\/plasma insulin, leptin and triglyceride concentrations and foal birthweight were recorded. Associations between hormone\/triglyceride concentration with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , stage of gestation and birthweight were analysed using a linear mixed effects model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum insulin concentrations were greater at 1\u201360 days (4.31 \u03bciu\/mL) compared with 241\u2013300 days (3.13 \u03bciu\/mL) and 61\u2013120 days (5.33 \u03bciu\/mL) compared with 181\u2013240, 241\u2013300 and 301\u2013360 days (3.78, 3.13, 3.37 \u03bciu\/mL) gestation (P&lt;0.05). There was no significant hyperinsulinaemia and no association of insulin concentration with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Leptin concentration was greater at 181\u2013240 days (2.28 \u03bcg\/L, P&lt;0.0001) compared with all other time points and correlated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (P&lt;0.0003). Triglyceride concentration was greater at 241\u2013300 days (0.245 mmol, P&lt;0.02) compared with earlier time points, but was not associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Foal birthweight was weakly positively correlated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (r = 0.13, P&lt;0.001) and inversely correlated with leptin concentrations at 61\u2013120 and 241\u2013300 days gestation (r = \u22120.64, P&lt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Reduction in sample size over the study and tight clustering of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mare\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      correlated with foal birthweight; obese mares had heavier foals. Significant hyperinsulinaemia was not identified in this population. Increased leptin concentration in early and late gestation was associated with decreased foal birthweight. Further work is required to establish whether leptin concentration in late gestation could predict foal birthweight.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T09:34:34Z","timestamp":1478597674000},"page":"461-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The effect of mare obesity and endocrine function on foal birthweight in Thoroughbreds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rossdales Equine Hospital Exning, Newmarket Suffolk, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.M.","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rossdales Equine Hospital Exning, Newmarket Suffolk, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Dunnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Equine Nutrition Newmarket Suffolk, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.J.","family":"Menzies\u2010Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College North Mymms, Hatfield Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/003591577606900901","article-title":"A clinician's view of prematurity and dysmaturity in thoroughbred foals","volume":"69","author":"Rossdale P.D.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc. 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