{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T09:32:54Z","timestamp":1782811974664,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,22]],"date-time":"2017-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council of the University of Tehran"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Yeasts are commensal organisms found in the reproductive and gastrointestinal tracts, and on the skin and other mucosa in mammals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify yeast flora in the caudal reproductive tract in healthy female horses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Longitudinal study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 453 samples were collected using double\u2010guarded swabs from the vestibule, clitoral fossa and vagina in 151 horses. All samples were cultured on Sabouraud 4% dextrose agar and incubated at 35\u00b0C for 7\u201310 days. Isolates were identified according to their morphological characteristics and biochemical profiles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Yeast colonies were isolated from 60 (39.7%) of the 151 horses. The isolated yeasts belonged to nine genera, and included\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (53.2%),\n Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (12.2%),\n Saccharomyces<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (10.5%),\n Geotrichum<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (8.0%),\n Rhodotorula<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (7.1%),\n Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (3.7%),\n Trichosporon<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (2.6%),\n Kluyveromyces<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (2.6%) and\n Sporothrix<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (0.2%).\n Candida krusei<\/jats:italic>\n (43.1%) was the most frequent\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species isolated. There was a significant difference in prevalence between\n C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n and other\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species (P<0.05). The vestibule contained more yeast isolates (48.0%) than the vagina (18.3%). The isolation of yeast colonies from multiparous females (76.8%) was significantly higher than from maiden mares (P<0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n The study was limited by the difficulty of distinguishing between normal flora and potential pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n spp., in particular\n C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n , represent important flora resident in the caudal reproductive tract in healthy female horses. This is particularly important in contexts that require the initiation of empirical treatment prior to the completion of culture results.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T17:26:51Z","timestamp":1481218011000},"page":"614-617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Presence and distribution of yeasts in the reproductive tract in healthy female horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Azarvandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Research Centre Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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