{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:06:37Z","timestamp":1793325997859,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009449","name":"Petplan Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S14\u201063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S14\u201063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Equine recurrent uveitis (\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a common cause of ocular pain and blindness in horses.\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n spp. have been commonly implicated in the pathophysiology of\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n in mainland Europe and the\n USA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . No recent studies have been carried out in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n , but\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n is reported not to be a major factor in the aetiology of\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To establish the prevalence of\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010associated\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n and to identify the serovars involved in these cases; to compare serum vs. aqueous humour antibody levels in cases and controls in order to confirm the diagnosis of\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010associated\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and to assess the usefulness of serology alone as a confirmatory test for\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010associated\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Eyes enucleated for clinical reasons in\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010affected horses were collected. Blood and aqueous humour were obtained to determine antibody levels against a variety of\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n serovars and C\u2010values (aqueous humour value\/serum value) were calculated. In addition, eyes, blood and aqueous humour were obtained from control cases for comparison. Histopathology was performed in all eyes to confirm uveitis in each case. Differences in seroprevalences between\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n and control cases and between\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010 and non\u2010\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010associated\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n cases were calculated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 30\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 43 control eyes were analysed. Of the\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n eyes, only two had a C\u2010value of >4 (prevalence of\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010associated uveitis: 6.7%). Serovars\n hardjo<\/jats:italic>\n and\n javanica<\/jats:italic>\n were detected. There was no difference in seroprevalence between horses with uveitis and control cases (65.5% and 41.9%, respectively; P = 0.11) or between\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010 and non\u2010\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010associated uveitis cases (100% and 63.0%, respectively; P = 0.52).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n \n The study was limited by low case numbers. Eyes were presented at different stages of disease. The only test used to detect\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n was the microscopic agglutination test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Leptospira\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n associated\n ERU<\/jats:styled-content>\n is uncommon in the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Serology alone may not help to definitively diagnose\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010associated uveitis in this country.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:41:28Z","timestamp":1490056888000},"page":"706-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The role of\n Leptospira<\/i>\n spp. in horses affected with recurrent uveitis in the\n UK<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5773-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Malalana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool Neston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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