{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:58:57Z","timestamp":1791377937878,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut Fran\u00e7ais du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE)"},{"name":"INRA Dept of Physiology and Breeding Systems"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Following embryo transfer (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ET<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), the size and breed of the recipient mare can affect fetal development and subsequent post natal growth rate and insulin sensitivity in foals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate placental adaptation in pregnancies where increased or restricted fetal growth was induced through\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ET<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      between Pony, Saddlebred and Draught horses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo experiment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Control Pony (P, n\u00a0=\u00a021) and Saddlebred (S, n\u00a0=\u00a028) pregnancies were obtained by artificial insemination. Increased pregnancies were obtained by transferring Pony (P\u2010D, n\u00a0=\u00a06) and Saddlebred (S\u2010D, n\u00a0=\u00a08) embryos into Draught mares. Restricted pregnancies were obtained by transferring Saddlebred embryos into Pony mares (S\u2010P, n\u00a0=\u00a06). Placental weight and surface were recorded and samples collected for stereology and analysis of expression of genes involved in placental growth, vascularisation and nutrient transport. Data were analysed by linear model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>S\u2010P foals were growth retarded when compared with controls despite increased gestational length. Placental weight was reduced but placental surface density and volume fraction were increased. Placental expression of genes involved in growth and development and nutrient transfer was strongly reduced. In contrast, placental size and weight were increased in enhanced growth P\u2010D and S\u2010D foals. The trophoblastic surface density and the allantoic vessels surface density were decreased in P\u2010D and S\u2010D, respectively, both with very few modifications in gene expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Control embryos were produced by artificial insemination whereas experimental embryos were produced by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ET<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Placental structure and gene expression are modified after\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ET<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      into a smaller or larger breed than that of the embryo. These adaptations contribute to the observed phenotype of foal growth restriction or enhanced growth at birth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]],"date-time":"2017-09-30T01:46:44Z","timestamp":1506736004000},"page":"405-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Placental alterations in structure and function in intra\u2010uterine growth\u2010retarded horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4821-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Robles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR, BDR, INRA, ENVA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay Jouy en Josas France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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