{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:16:17Z","timestamp":1781774177939,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]],"date-time":"2018-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"MED-EL Company, Arthrex Vet Systems"},{"name":"Edouard de Rothschild Equine Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In horses, the only established method for reinnervation of the larynx is the nerve\u2010muscle pedicle implantation, whereas in human medicine, direct nerve implantation is a standard surgical technique for selective laryngeal reinnervation in human patients suffering from bilateral vocal fold paralysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      (1) To describe a modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in horses and (2) evaluate the outcomes of reinnervation using direct nerve needle\u2010stimulation of the first cervical nerve and exercising endoscopy before and after surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nerve transplantation surgery, in which the first or second cervical nerve is tunnelled through the atrophied left\n                      <jats:italic>cricoarytenoideus dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      muscle, was performed in combination with ipsilateral laser ventriculocordectomy. Ultrasound\u2010guided stimulation of the first cervical nerve at the level of the alar foramen was used to confirm successful reinnervation post\u2010operatively. Exercising endoscopy was performed before and after surgery. The exercising\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      grade of the left arytenoid was blindly determined at the highest stride frequency for each examination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Surgery was performed in 17 client\u2010owned animals with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Reinnervation was confirmed by nerve stimulation and subsequent arytenoid abduction observed in 11 out of 12 cases between 4 and 12\u00a0months post\u2010operatively. Fourteen horses had exercising endoscopy before and after surgery. Nine horses had an improved exercising\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      grade, four horses had the same exercising grade and one horse had a worse exercising grade after surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sham\u2010operated control group was not included and follow\u2010up beyond 12\u00a0months and objective performance data were not obtained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique, using tunnelling and direct implantation of the donor nerve into the\n                      <jats:italic>cricoarytenoideus dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      muscle, resulted in reinnervation in 11 out of 12 cases and improved exercising grade in 9 out of 14 horses within 12\u00a0months after surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T11:25:53Z","timestamp":1511954753000},"page":"457-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Rossignol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic of Grosbois Boissy St Leger France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5440-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Brandenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic of Grosbois Boissy St Leger France"},{"name":"Hanseklinik f\u00fcr Pferde Sittensen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Royal Veterinary College North Mymms UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010P.","family":"Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head &amp; Neck Surgery, and Experimental Surgery Laboratory UPRES EA 3830, GRHV, IRIB High Normandy, Rouen University Hospital Rouen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Mespoulh\u00e8s\u2010Rivi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Est Ecole V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort Maisons\u2010Alfort France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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