{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:49:33Z","timestamp":1762102173063,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Information on appropriate protocols for sedation of Nordestino donkeys is scarce.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of low doses of intravenous (i.v.) xylazine with and without acepromazine in \u2018Nordestino\u2019 donkeys.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Seven healthy female Nordestino donkeys (150 \u00b1 18 kg) were included in this blinded, randomised, crossover experiment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Four treatments were administered, consisting of two i.v. injections, at baseline (T0, 1st injection) and 15 min later (T15, 2nd injection). Treatments included acepromazine 0.05 mg\/kg bwt + saline (\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), saline + xylazine 0.5 mg\/kg bwt (\n SX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.5), acepromazine + xylazine 0.25 mg\/kg bwt (\n AX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.25) or acepromazine + xylazine 0.5 mg\/kg bwt (AX0.5). Sedative and cardiorespiratory parameters were evaluated before T0 and 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min after treatment. Degree [height of head above ground (\n HHAG<\/jats:styled-content>\n )] and quality of sedation [ataxia, responses to stimuli and visual analogue scale (\n VAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) scoring] and respiratory rate were evaluated by the main investigator in situ, and heart rate was measured by an assistant investigator. Three experienced evaluators assessed v\u00eddeos for ataxia and responses to stimuli. Normal data were analysed by repeated measures\n ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and non\u2010normal by Kruskal\u2013Wallis (P<0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n HHAG<\/jats:styled-content>\n was lower than baseline for 15 min after xylazine administration in\n AX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.25 and for 30 min in\n SX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.5 and\n AX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.5 groups. All treatments with xylazine increased\n VAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and ataxia scores in situ for 15 min after xylazine administration, with no differences between groups. Ataxia scores in situ were higher in\n SX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.5 and\n AX<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.5 groups than\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n for 15 and 30 min after xylazine administration, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n Absence of a negative control group (saline\u2010saline).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Acepromazine added to xylazine at 0.25 mg\/kg bwt produced briefer and milder sedation than xylazine at 0.5 mg\/kg bwt.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T02:32:38Z","timestamp":1521772358000},"page":"831-835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of low doses of xylazine with and without acepromazine in Nordestino donkeys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"J. A.","family":"Lucas Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterin\u00e1ria Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia UNESP \u2013 Univ. Estadual Paulista Botucatu SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1391-0989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Gozalo\u2010Marcilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterin\u00e1ria Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia UNESP \u2013 Univ. Estadual Paulista Botucatu SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Werneck Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterin\u00e1ria Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia UNESP \u2013 Univ. Estadual Paulista Botucatu SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0118-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. S.","family":"Possebon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterin\u00e1ria Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia UNESP \u2013 Univ. Estadual Paulista Botucatu SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"da Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterin\u00e1ria Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia UNESP \u2013 Univ. Estadual Paulista Botucatu SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6854-722X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. J.","family":"de Araujo Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterin\u00e1ria Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia UNESP \u2013 Univ. Estadual Paulista Botucatu SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2004.tb00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2011.00291.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.62.1025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2010.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2011.00653.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00784.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2012.00725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101684"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Tranquilization of donkeys using acepromazine or acepromazine\/diazepam","volume":"66","author":"Ara\u00fajo A.L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq. 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