{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T23:44:09Z","timestamp":1789256649512,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Locoregional anaesthetic techniques can facilitate certain surgeries being performed under standing procedural sedation. The second and third spinal cervical nerves (C2, C3) are part of the cervical plexus and provide sensory innervation to the peri\u2010laryngeal structures in people; block of these nerves might permit laryngeal lateralisation surgery in horses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To describe the anatomical basis for an ultrasound\u2010guided cervical plexus block in horses. To compare this block with conventional local anaesthetic tissue infiltration in horses undergoing standing prosthetic laryngoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Cadaveric study followed by a double\u2010blinded prospective clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A fresh equine cadaver was dissected to characterise the distribution of C2 and C3 to the perilaryngeal structures on the left side. A second cadaver was utilised to correlate ultrasound images with the previously identified structures; a tissue marker was injected to confirm the feasibility of an ultrasound\u2010guided approach to the cervical plexus. In the clinical study, horses were assigned to two groups,\n CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n (n = 17; cervical plexus block) and\n INF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (n = 17; conventional tissue infiltration). Data collection and analyses included time to completion of surgical procedure, sedation time, surgical field conditions and surgeon's perception of block quality.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We confirmed that C2 and C3 provided innervation to the perilaryngeal structures. The nerve root of C2 was identified ultrasonographically located between the longus capitis and the cleidomastoideus muscles, caudal to the parotid gland. The\n CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n group was deemed to provide better (P<0.0002) surgical conditions with no differences in the other variables measured.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n Further studies with larger numbers of horses may be necessary to detect smaller differences in surgical procedure completion time based on the improved surgical filed conditions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n For standing unilateral laryngeal surgery, a cervical plexus block is a viable alternative to tissue infiltration and it improves the surgical field conditions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T03:47:13Z","timestamp":1524196033000},"page":"727-732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Unilateral cervical plexus block for prosthetic laryngoplasty in the standing horse"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Campoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. B.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell Ruffian Equine Specialists New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. G.","family":"Ducharme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. D.","family":"Gleed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Martin\u2010Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-016-0230-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Peripheral Nerve Blocks","author":"Hadzic A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of laryngeal sensation in horses","volume":"80","author":"Gaughan E.M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cornell. Vet."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1982.34874"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1983.tb02812.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Surgery of the Larynx","author":"Berman J.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2006.04901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044848154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12689"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fevj.12956","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.12956","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T08:52:16Z","timestamp":1762073536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.12956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.12956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.12956","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-08-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}