{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:19:09Z","timestamp":1762082349890,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11\/PI\/1166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\/PI\/1166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Endoscopic tip placement in the pharynx and water flushing interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) may affect exercising upper respiratory tract (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">URT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) endoscopic results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine associations between the endoscopic tip position in the pharynx and automated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with overground endoscopic (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomised balanced 2X5 factorial design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of n\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0200 horses undergoing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were randomly assigned into 10 groups (n\u00a0=\u00a020\/group) of different automated endoscopic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s (no flushing, 60, 120, 180, 240\u00a0s) with the endoscope tip positioned either rostrally (position A) or caudally (position B) in the pharynx. Endoscopic videos were analysed and all\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">URT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      abnormalities graded using published scales. Disorders with \u226410% prevalence were excluded from the final analysis with only arytenoid asymmetry at exercise (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ex), vocal fold collapse (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VFC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), palatal dysfunction (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and medial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDAF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) included. The association of endoscope position and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">URT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      disorders was assessed using ordinal regression models with P\u22640.05 significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Endoscope tip positioning was significantly associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      grading (P\u00a0=\u00a00.002), with 63\/100 horses diagnosed with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in position A and 45\/100 in position B. No other significant direct associations between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">URT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      disease and endoscope tip position were identified, although interactions between exercise velocity and endoscope position affected\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDAF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      grade.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was not directly associated with alterations in disorder grading, although interactions between exercise velocity and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      appeared to affect\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDAF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      grade.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The same horse was not evaluated under each test condition potentially resulting in sample bias. Interactions between disorders were not evaluated. The sample size was insufficient to conclusively explore relationships between all factors and disorder grading.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Position of the endoscope tip within the pharynx appears to affect grading of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      during\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      examination. Exercise velocity may affect\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDAF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      grade through interactions with endoscope position and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,7]],"date-time":"2018-07-07T03:10:25Z","timestamp":1530933025000},"page":"173-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of pharyngeal endoscopic tip placement and water flushing interval on upper respiratory tract disorders in horses undergoing overground endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"C. 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