{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T20:32:24Z","timestamp":1768077144312,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinique Veterinaire Universitaire"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) has been associated with\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. infection. No information exists concerning the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010associated ERU in Belgium and about the sensitivity of detection of Leptospira in different ocular media.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To establish the prevalence of intraocular\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in ERU\u2010affected and healthy eyes of horses examined at the Equine Clinic of the University of Li\u00e8ge by real\u2010time PCR and to compare the results of the aqueous and vitreous humour of the same eye.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty\u2010six eyes from 59 client\u2010owned horses with a diagnosis of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU\u2010group) were studied from May 2015 to December 2017. Fifty healthy eyes from 28 euthanised horses for unrelated reasons examined during the same period were included in the control group. Intraocular fluids (aqueous and\/or vitreous humours) from ERU\u2010affected eyes were sampled and analysed by real\u2010time PCR for\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. Aqueous and vitreous humours from the control group were processed in the same way.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both groups were comparable regarding age, sex, eye sampled (OS\/OD), humours sampled (aqueous\/vitreous humour) but not regarding breeds, with an over\u2010representation of Warmbloods and Appaloosas in the ERU\u2010group. The prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was 30.3% (20\/66 eyes) in the ERU\u2010group.\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. DNA was identified in 11 aqueous and 17 vitreous humours with eight horses testing positive in both humours, nine horses testing positive for vitreous humour alone and third horses for aqueous humour alone. The phi\u2010correlation between aqueous and vitreous humour\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      PCR results is 0.47 suggesting a low association. All the control eyes were negative.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diagnostic method selected for this study (lipL32 qPCR) did not allow identification of the serovars.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leptospirosis is a potential cause of ERU in Belgium. Testing both intraocular media is advised whenever possible.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>The Summary is available in Spanish \u2013 see Supporting Information<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,25]],"date-time":"2018-08-25T06:27:24Z","timestamp":1535178444000},"page":"299-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Detection of intraocular\n                    <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    spp. by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction in horses with recurrent uveitis in Belgium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3839-9569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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