{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:13:30Z","timestamp":1789038810979,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000982","name":"Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is no information directly comparing midazolam with guaifenesin when used in combination with an alpha\u20102 agonist and ketamine to maintain anaesthesia via i.v. infusion in horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To compare ketamine\u2013medetomidine\u2013guaifenesin with ketamine\u2013medetomidine\u2013midazolam for total intravenous anaesthesia (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in young horses anaesthetised for computerised tomography.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, randomised, blinded, crossover trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fourteen weanlings received medetomidine 7\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg bwt i.v. and anaesthesia was induced with ketamine 2.2\u00a0mg\/kg\u00a0bwt i.v. On two separate occasions horses each received infusions of ketamine 3\u00a0mg\/kg\u00a0bwt\/h, medetomidine 5\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg\u00a0bwt\/h, guaifenesin 100\u00a0mg\/kg\u00a0bwt\/h (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KMG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) or ketamine 3\u00a0mg\/kg bwt\/h, medetomidine 5\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg\u00a0bwt\/h, midazolam 0.1\u00a0mg\/kg\u00a0bwt\/h (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KMM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for 50\u00a0min. Cardiorespiratory variables and anaesthetic depth were assessed every 5\u201310\u00a0min. Recovery times after the infusions ceased were recorded and recovery quality was assessed using a composite score system (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), simple descriptive scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and visual analogue scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Multivariable models were used to generate mean recovery scores for each treatment and each recovery score system and provide P\u2010values comparing treatment groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anaesthesia was uneventful with no difference in additional anaesthetic requirements and little clinically relevant differences in cardiopulmonary variables between groups. All horses recovered without incident with no significant difference in recovery times. Quality of the anaesthetic recovery was significantly better for the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KMM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group compared with the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KMG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group using the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (P&lt;0.001),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (P&lt;0.001) and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (P&lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No surgical stimulus was applied and study animals may not represent general horse population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Midazolam is a suitable alternative to guaifenesin when co\u2010infused with ketamine and medetomidine for anaesthesia in young horses undergoing noninvasive procedures. Both infusions produce a clinically comparable quality of anaesthesia; however, recovery from anaesthesia is of a better quality following an infusion of ketamine\u2013medetomidine\u2013midazolam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T09:46:57Z","timestamp":1542620817000},"page":"510-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Total intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine, medetomidine and guaifenesin compared with ketamine, medetomidine and midazolam in young horses anaesthetised for computerised tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cunneen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Farry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"McEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2585-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Rainger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Truchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Rive Sud Brossard Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Laval Laval Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2012.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(95)90024-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1655"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.176.07.619","article-title":"Evaluation of concentrated solutions of guaifenesin for equine anesthesia","volume":"176","author":"Grandy J.L.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. 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