{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:46:06Z","timestamp":1762080366258,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health","award":["478-8480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["478-8480"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Current serological tests cannot discriminate between bactericidal\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibodies from others that are merely a response to\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigenic stimulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a sensitive and convenient luminescence\u2010based serum bactericidal assay (L\u2010SBA) to identify serum borreliacidal activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective validation study and method comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum samples were obtained either from archives of the Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University (N\u00a0=\u00a07) or from a vaccination trial (N\u00a0=\u00a0238). Endogenous complement\u2010inactivated serum sample was incubated with exogenic complement and\n                      <jats:italic>B.\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ML23 pBBE22\n                      <jats:italic>luc<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is able to process luciferin with luciferase and produce luminescence in viable\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                      . After incubation, a light signal can be detected by using a luminometer to calculate the borreliacidal antibody titre.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Components of the reaction mixture including spirochetes and complement from various sources and concentrations were tested to identify a reliable recipe for our complement\u2010mediated L\u2010SBA. We also applied this L\u2010SBA on measuring bactericidal antibody activities and calculated the half inhibitory concentration (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of serum samples from clinical collections. Furthermore, we analysed the L\u2010SBA titres and anti\u2010outer surface protein A (OspA) antibody levels from vaccinated horses using the multiplex assays and found that there is a relationship between results generated using these two different assays. The increases of L\u2010SBA titres correlated with increases of anti\u2010OspA antibody titre in sera (r\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.423).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunoreactivity of commercial complement may differ from different batches. Clinical protection of borreliacidal antibody levels has not been determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The L\u2010SBA provided a sensitive and easy\u2010operating platform for the evaluation of bactericidal antibody to\n                      <jats:italic>B.\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and we anticipated L\u2010SBA would function well as an evaluation tool of vaccine efficiency in the future.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T05:11:10Z","timestamp":1547615470000},"page":"669-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A luminescence\u2010based assay for evaluating bactericidal antibody to\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    in vaccinated horses\u2019 serum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"J.J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.L.","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Widman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Mingala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ardeza Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.\u2010F.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.9.3543-3549.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.06.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12690"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00187-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Efficacy of a nonadjuvanted, outer surface protein A, recombinant vaccine in dogs after challenge by ticks naturally infected with Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"1","author":"Conlon J.A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. 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