{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:04:50Z","timestamp":1787065490103,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,21]],"date-time":"2019-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (liver fluke) affects grazing animals including horses but the extent to which it affects UK horses is unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To define how liver fluke affects the UK horse population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive, cross\u2010sectional, observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      excretory\u2010secretory antibody detection ELISA with a diagnostic sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 97% was validated and used to analyse serum samples. An abattoir study was performed to determine prevalence. A case\u2010control study of 269 horses compared fluke exposure between horses with liver disease and controls. Data on clinical signs and blood test results were collected for sero\u2010positive horses. Genotyping of adult fluke was used to produce a multilocus genotype for each parasite.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four (2.2%) of 183 horses registered in the UK, sampled in the abattoir, had adult flukes in the liver, and the sero\u2010prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      was estimated as 8.7%. In the case\u2010control study, horses showing signs consistent with liver disease had significantly higher odds of testing positive for\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      on ELISA than control horses. In 23 sero\u2010positive horses, a range of non\u2010specific clinical signs and blood test abnormalities was reported, with a third of the horses showing no signs. Genotypic analysis of liver flukes from horses provided evidence that these came from the same population as flukes from sheep and cattle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bias could have arisen in the prevalence and case\u2010control studies due to convenience sampling methods, in particular the geographic origin of the horses. Only a small number of horses tested positive so the data on clinical signs are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to liver fluke occurs frequently in horses and may be an under\u2010recognised cause of liver disease. Flukes isolated from horses are from the same population as those found in ruminants. When designing and implementing parasite control plans, fluke should be considered, and horses should be tested if appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]],"date-time":"2019-06-29T13:04:12Z","timestamp":1561813452000},"page":"194-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["<i>Fasciola hepatica<\/i>\n                    in UK horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1988-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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