{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T14:43:39Z","timestamp":1777301019020,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006920","name":"University of Pennsylvania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003526","name":"Department of Agriculture, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003526","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To facilitate lameness evaluation, sedatives such as xylazine and acepromazine are regularly used in the clinical setting, despite concerns that they may confound lameness assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to determine the effect of low doses of acepromazine and xylazine on subjective and objective lameness assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomised, blinded, crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six horses with experimentally induced solar pain were evaluated over a 1\u2010hour period after treatment with intravenous xylazine (0.1 or 0.2\u00a0mg\/kg), intravenous acepromazine (0.02 or 0.04\u00a0mg\/kg), intravenous saline (1\u00a0mL) or local analgesia (4\u00a0mL 2% mepivacaine administered subcutaneously). Lameness was assessed objectively with inertial sensors and subjectively on a scale from 0 to 5. Lameness assessments were compared with logistic regression analysis to account for the repeated measures and cross\u2010over study design (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Xylazine (0.1 and 0.2\u00a0mg\/kg) or acepromazine (0.02 and 0.04\u00a0mg\/kg) did not result in significant differences in objective lameness assessment (vector sum) or average subjective lameness grade. Local analgesia was associated with a decrease in subjective lameness grade (OR 0.32 [0.11\u20100.92],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.03). Objective measures of lameness (vector sum) were significantly decreased 45\u00a0minutes (vector sum 41.8,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.04) and 60\u00a0minutes (vector sum 47.3,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.03) following local analgesia administration compared with baseline (vector sum 121.4).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extrapolation of the experimental model of moderate lameness used in this study to broad range of clinical lameness situations should be performed carefully.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results support the use of low doses of xylazine or acepromazine to facilitate forelimb lameness evaluation up to 1\u00a0hour in duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T02:32:22Z","timestamp":1576895542000},"page":"593-600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of acepromazine and xylazine on subjective and objective assessments of forelimb lameness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5935-8344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darko","family":"Stefanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youwen","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology and Research Laboratory West Chester Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology and Research Laboratory West Chester Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-6069-7.00010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0867-7.00072-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-6069-7.00012-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.1990.tb00389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-6069-7.00097-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12463"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2014.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20121-5","article-title":"Evaluation of detomidine\u2010induced analgesia in horses with chronic hoof pain","volume":"278","author":"Owens JG","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2016.04.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-14-11-0177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-6069-7.00007-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776249778"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2000.00054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776254781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","unstructured":"Guidance for Industry Bioanalytical Method Validation.Food Drug Administration Center for Drugs Evaluation Research (CIDER) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) Rockville MD.2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research","volume":"24","author":"Mukata MM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","volume-title":"Adams and Stashak's lameness in horses","author":"Baxter GM","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.6.828"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(00)90483-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776249543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X479568"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.08.004"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fevj.13225","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.13225","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/evj.13225","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.13225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:55:17Z","timestamp":1762077317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.13225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.13225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.13225","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}