{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:35:06Z","timestamp":1790217306115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615075200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":347,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\u201067015\u201024765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u201067015\u201024765"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010282","name":"Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010282","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equine parvovirus\u2010hepatitis (EqPV\u2010H) has been proposed as the aetiological cause of Theiler's disease, also known as serum hepatitis. EqPV\u2010H\u2010associated Theiler's disease has not been previously reported in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether EqPV\u2010H infection was associated with a 2018\u20102019 outbreak of Theiler's disease in four horses on a studfarm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of four horses from the same farm diagnosed with fatal Theiler's disease were examined retrospectively. Information collected included a clinical history, physical examination findings, tetanus antitoxin exposure, serum biochemistry and necropsy reports. Liver tissue from all four horses was tested for EqPV\u2010H using PCR and in situ hybridisation (ISH) assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three of the horses had a history of recent (7\u201011\u00a0weeks) tetanus antitoxin administration. Liver tissue from all four horses tested positive for EqPV\u2010H with PCR. In situ hybridisation revealed a widespread distribution of viral nucleic acid in hepatocytes in one case, and a more sporadic distribution in the remaining three cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case controls were not available from the farm in question given the retrospective nature of analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case series documents the first reported EqPV\u2010H\u2010associated Theiler's disease in Europe and the first use of ISH to visualise the viral nucleic acid in liver tissues of horses with Theiler's disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,7]],"date-time":"2020-03-07T12:15:38Z","timestamp":1583583338000},"page":"841-847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["First report of equine parvovirus\u2010hepatitis\u2010associated Theiler\u2019s disease in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Modest","family":"Vengust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana Veterinary Faculty Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6036-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mason C.","family":"Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Institute for Animal Health College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Zalig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana Veterinary Faculty Ljubljana Slovenia"},{"name":"Marc Veterinary Services Sezana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasilij","family":"Cociancich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana Veterinary Faculty Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Laverack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall W.","family":"Renshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Dubovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy E.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Institute for Animal Health College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerlinde R.","family":"Van de Walle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Institute for Animal Health College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"TheilerA.Acute liver\u2010atrophy and parenchymatous hepatitis in horses. Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture.5th and 6th Repts. of the Director of. Veterinary Research.1918."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"734","article-title":"Serum hepatitis in the horse","volume":"144","author":"Hjerpe CA","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"RoseJ ImmenschuhR RoseE.Serum hepatitis in the horse.Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners.1974. p.175\u201385."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1971.tb04433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Penicillin\u2010induced hemolytic anemia and acute hepatic failure following treatment of tetanus in a horse","volume":"81","author":"Step DL","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.11.1790","article-title":"Serum hepatitis in two brood mares","volume":"204","author":"Messer NT","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.11.1737","article-title":"Hepatic disease associated with administration of tetanus antitoxin in eight horses","volume":"206","author":"Guglick MA","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.12.1934","article-title":"Idiopathic acute hepatic disease in horses: 12 cases (1982\u20131992)","volume":"204","author":"Messer NT","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219217110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02670.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"408","article-title":"Serum hepatitis in the horse","volume":"155","author":"Panciera RJ","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15362"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15368"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2402.171031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11050461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2011.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27440"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1619380114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500265112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00324-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098187"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2013.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","unstructured":"Anonymous(2018)ProteqFlu\u2010Te. European Medicines Agency. Available fromhttps:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/veterinary\/EPAR\/proteqflu\u2010te[Accessed December 20 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10070384"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.1.18"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fevj.13254","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.13254","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/evj.13254","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1111\/evj.13254","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.13254","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T13:26:05Z","timestamp":1762089965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.13254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.13254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.13254","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13254\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13254\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13254\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13254\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13254\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}