{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:35:38Z","timestamp":1762079738881,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H144705\/NFR248340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H144705\/NFR248340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growth cartilage is found in the articular\u2010epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) and the physis. It has a temporary blood supply organised as end arteries. Vascular failure is associated with osteochondrosis, but infection can also obstruct vessels. The location of bacteria was recently compared to arterial perfusion, and the results indicated that they were located in the distal tips of AECC end arteries. Systematic perfusion studies were not available for comparison to the infected physes. Further studies may improve our understanding of infections and other pathologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe development of the blood supply to the growth cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in fetuses and foals from 228\u00a0days of gestation to 62\u00a0days old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ex vivo arterial perfusion study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The left medial femoral condyle of 10 Norwegian Fjord Pony fetuses and foals (228\u00a0days of gestation to 62\u00a0days old) and one Norwegian\u2010Swedish Coldblooded Trotter foal (10\u00a0days old) was arterially perfused with barium and underwent micro\u2010computed tomography, qualitative and quantitative description of vessels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the fetus, the physis was supplied by metaphyseal\u2010origin arteries. In 1\u201010\u00a0day\u2010old foals, the physis was supplied by a mixture of metaphyseal\u2010 and epiphyseal\u2010origin arteries, and from 15 days of age by epiphyseal\u2010origin arteries only. The number of vessels increased before it decreased in both the AECC and the physis postnatally. Vessels in the cartilage showed a monopodial branching pattern, whereas vessels in epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone showed both monopodial and dichotomous branching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foals with confirmed pathologies were not examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The blood supply to growth cartilage changed with age, including the physeal supply that changed from metaphyseal\u2010 to epiphyseal\u2010origin arteries. The number of vessels increased before it decreased postnatally, and two different branching patterns were observed. These results may improve our understanding of growth cartilage vascular failure and osteomyelitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,7]],"date-time":"2020-03-07T02:04:50Z","timestamp":1583546690000},"page":"134-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development of the blood supply to the growth cartilage of the medial femoral condyle of foals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3399-4262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f8rn H.","family":"Wormstrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Equine Section Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathrine T.","family":"Fjordbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Equine Section Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Lykkjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Equine Section Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6770-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Olstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Equine Section Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-4-429"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815588778"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"548","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional organization of the cartilage canal\u2013a scanning electron\u2010microscopic study by vascular cast of the rabbit's femoral head","volume":"66","author":"Hayashi K","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X300269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589503200605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X239836"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Acute hematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis. 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